1.
Bonten, MJ, Gaillard, CA, Johanson, WG Jr, et al. Colonization in patients receiving and not receiving topical antimicrobial prophylaxis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med
1994;150(5):1332–1340.
2.
Bonten, MJM, Slaughter, S, Ambergen, AW, et al. The role of “colonization pressure” in the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: an important infection control variable. Arch Intern Med
1998;158(10):1127–1132.
3.
Muto, CA, Jernigan, JA, Ostrowsky, BE, et al. SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus
. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
2003;24(5):362–386.
4.
McFarland, LV, Mulligan, ME, Kwok, RY, Stamm, WE. Nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection. N Engl J Med
1989; 320(4):204–210.
5.
Bloemendaal, AL, Fluit, AC, Jansen, WMT, et al. Acquisition and cross-transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in European intensive care units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
2009;30(2):117–124.
6.
Williams, VR, Callery, S, Vearncombe, M, Simor, AE. The role of colonization pressure in nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
. Am J Infect Control
2009;37(2): 106–110.
7.
Drees, M, Snydman, DR, Schmid, CH, et al. Prior environmental contamination increases the risk of acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Clin Infect Dis
2008;46(5):678–685.
8.
Dubberke, ER, Reske, KA, Yan, Y, Olsen, MA, McDonald, LC, Fraser, VJ.
Clostridium difficile-associated disease in a setting of endemicity: identification of novel risk factors. Clin Infect Dis
2007;45(12):1543–1549.
9.
Dubberke, ER, Reske, KA, Olsen, MA, et al. Evaluation of Clostridium difficile-associated disease pressure as a risk factor for C. difficile–associated disease. Arch Intern Med
2007;167(10): 1092–1097.
10.
Lawrence, SJ, Puzniak, LA, Shadel, BN, Gillespie, KN, Kollef, MH, Mundy, LM.
Clostridium difficile in the intensive care unit: epidemiology, costs, and colonization pressure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
2007;28(2):123–130.
11.
Dancer, SJ, Coyne, M, Speekenbrink, A, Samavedam, S, Kennedy, J, Wallace, PG. MRSA acquisition in an intensive care unit. Am J Infect Control
2006;34(1):10–17.
12.
Cepeda, JA, Whitehouse, T, Cooper, B, et al. Isolation of patients in single rooms or cohorts to reduce spread of MRSA in intensive-care units: prospective two-centre study. Lancet
2005;365: 295–304.
13.
Lucet, J-C, Paoletti, X, Lolom, I, et al. Successful long-term program for controlling methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in intensive care units. Intensive Care Med
2005;31(8):1051–1057.
14.
Winston, LG, Charlebois, ED, Pang, S, Bangsberg, DR, Perdreau-Remington, F, Chambers, HF III. Impact of a formulary switch from ticarcillin-clavulanate to piperacillin-tazobactam on colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Am J Infect Control
2004;32(8):462–469.
15.
Martinez, JA, Ruthazer, R, Hansjosten, K, Barefoot, L, Snydman, DR. Role of environmental contamination as a risk factor for acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in patients treated in a medical intensive care unit. Arch Intern Med
2003; 163(16):1905–1912.
16.
Ho, P-L, Hong Kong intensive care unit antimicrobial resistance study (HK-ICARE) Group. Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, ceftazidime-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci before and after intensive care unit admission. Crit Care Med
2003;31(4):1175–1182.
17.
Muller, AA, Mauny, F, Bertin, M, et al. Relationship between spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and antimicrobial use in a French university hospital. Clin Infect Dis
2003;36(8):971–978.
18.
Srinivasan, A, Song, X, Ross, T, Merz, W, Brower, R, Perl, TM. A prospective study to determine whether cover gowns in addition to gloves decrease nosocomial transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
2002;23(8):424–428.
19.
Puzniak, LA, Leet, T, Mayfield, J, Kollef, M, Mundy, LM. To gown or not to gown: the effect on acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Clin Infect Dis
2002;35(1):18–25.
20.
Puzniak, LA, Mayfield, J, Leet, T, Kollef, M, Mundy, LM. Acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci during scheduled antimicrobial rotation in an intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis
2001;33(2):151–157.
21.
Merrer, J, Santoli, F, Appéré-De Vecchi, C, Tran, B, De Jonghe, B, Outin, H. “Colonization pressure” and risk of acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a medical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
2000;21 (11):718–723.
22.
Harris, AD, Kotetishvili, M, Shurland, S, et al. How important is patient-to-patient transmission in extended-spectrum ß-lacta-mase Escherichia coli acquisition. Am J Infect Control
2007;35(2): 97–101.
23.
Harris, AD, Perencevich, EN, Johnson, JK, et al. Patient-to-patient transmission is important in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae acquisition. Clin Infect Dis
2007;45(10):1347–1350.
24.
Cohen, AL, Calfee, D, Fridkin, SK, et al. Recommendations for metrics for multidrug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings: SHEA/HICPAC position paper. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
2008;29(10):901–913.
25.
McBryde, ES, Pettitt, AN, McElwain, DLS. A stochastic mathematical model of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in an intensive care unit: predicting the impact of interventions. J Theor Biol
2007;245(3):470–481.
26.
Raboud, J, Saskin, R, Simor, A, et al. Modeling transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients admitted to a hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
2005;26(7): 607–615.
27.
Forrester, M, Pettitt, AN. Use of stochastic epidemic modeling to quantify transmission rates of colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol
2005;26(7):598–606.
