Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T07:31:14.540Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Solar and Stellar Magnetic Fields and Atmospheric Structures: Theory*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2016

E. N. Parker
E. N. Parker*
Affiliation:
Enrico Fermi Institute, Depts. Physics and Astronomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A.

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This presentation reviews selected ideas on the origin of the magnetic field of the Sun, the dynamical behavior of the azimuthal field in the convective zone, the fibril state of the field at the photosphere, the formation of sunspots, prominences, the spontaneous formation of current sheets in the bipolar field above the surface of the Sun, coronal heating, and flares.

Type
Research Article
Information
International Astronomical Union Colloquium , Volume 104 , Issue 1: Solar and Stellar Flares , 1989 , pp. 271 - 288
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1989

Footnotes

*

This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under NASA Grant NGL-14-001-001.

References

Abdelatif, T. and Thomas, J. H.: 1989, Astrophys. J. Suppl. (May issue).Google Scholar
Anderson, B. N.: 1988, Solar Phys. 114, 207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballester, J. L. and Priest, E. R.: 1987, Solar Phys. 109, 335.Google Scholar
Balthasar, H., Küveler, G., and Wiehr, E.: 1987, Solar Phys. 112, 37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckers, J. M.: 1979, Oss. Astron. Catania Pubi, No. 162, p. 166.Google Scholar
Birn, J., Goldstein, H., and Schindler, K.: 1978, Solar Phys. 57, 81.Google Scholar
Biskamp, D. and Welter, H.: 1989, Solar Phys. 120, 49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogdan, T. J.: 1987a, Astrophys. J. 318, 888.Google Scholar
Bogdan, T. J.: 1987b, Astrophys. J. 318, 896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogdan, T. J. and Zweibel, E. G.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 312, 444.Google Scholar
Brants, J.: 1985, Solar Phys. 98, 197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browning, P. K. and Priest, E. R.: 1986, Solar Phys. 106, 335.Google Scholar
Brueckner, G. E.: 1981, in Orrall, F. Q. (ed.), Skylab Solar Workshop on Active Regions, Associated University Press, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 113–127.Google Scholar
Brueckner, G. E. and Bartoe, J. D. F.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 272, 329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castenmiller, M. J. M., Zwaan, C., and van der Zalm, E. B. J.: 1986, Solar Phys. 105, 237.Google Scholar
Dahlburg, J. P., Montgomery, D., Doolen, G. D., and Matthaeus, W. H.: 1986, J. Plasma Phys. 35, 1.Google Scholar
De Jager, C. and Švestka, Z.: 1985, Solar Phys. 100, 435.Google Scholar
Deinzer, W., Hensler, G., Schüssler, M., and Weishaar, E.: 1984a, Astron. Astrophys. 139, 426.Google Scholar
Deinzer, W., Hensler, G., Schüssler, M., and Weishaar, E.: 1984b, Astron. Astrophys. 139, 435.Google Scholar
Delucca, E. E. and Gilman, P. A.: 1986, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 37, 85.Google Scholar
Dere, K. P., Bartoe, J. D. F., and Brueckner, G. E.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 310, 456.Google Scholar
Dixon, A. M., Browning, P. K., and Priest, E. R.: 1987, Astron. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 40, 203.Google Scholar
Durney, B.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 199, 761.Google Scholar
Durney, B.: 1989, Astrophys. J. (in press).Google Scholar
Duvall, T. L.: 1979, Solar Phys. 63, 3.Google Scholar
Duvall, T. L., Harvey, J. W., and Pomerantz, M. A.: 1986, Nature 321, 500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finn, J. M. and Kaw, P. K.: 1977, Phys. Fluids 22, 2140.Google Scholar
Gaizauskas, V., Harvey, K. L., Harvey, J. W., and Zwaan, G: 1983, Astrophys. J. 265, 1056.Google Scholar
Galloway, D. J. and Weiss, N. O.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 243, 945.Google Scholar
Garcia de la Rosa, J. I.: 1987, Solar Phys. 112, 49.Google Scholar
Gilman, P. A.: 1983, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 53, 243.Google Scholar
Gilman, P. A. and Howard, R.: 1984a, Solar Phys. 93, 171.Google Scholar
Gilman, P. A. and Howard, R.·. 1984b, Astrophys. J. 283, 385.Google Scholar
Gilman, P. A. and Howard, R.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 295, 233.Google Scholar
Gilman, P. A., Morrow, C. A., and DeLuca, E. E.: 1989, Astrophys. J. (in press).Google Scholar
Glatzmaier, G. A.: 1985, Astrophys. J. 291, 300.Google Scholar
Golub, L., Krieger, A. S., and Vaiana, G. S.: 1976a, Solar Phys. 49, 79.Google Scholar
Golub, L., Krieger, A. S., and Vaiana, G. S.: 1976b, Solar Phys. 50, 311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golub, L., Rosner, R., Vaiana, G. S., and Weiss, N. O.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 243, 309.Google Scholar
Habbal, S. R. and Withbroe, G. L.: 1981, Solar Phys. 69, 77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasan, S. S.: 1985, Astron. Astrophys. 143, 39.Google Scholar
Heyvaerts, J. and Priest, E. R.: 1984, Astron. Astrophys. 137, 63.Google Scholar
Hirayama, T.: 1985, Solar Phys. 100, 415.Google Scholar
Howard, R.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 228, L45.Google Scholar
Howard, R.: 1984, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22, 131.Google Scholar
Howard, R. and Gilman, P. A.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 307, 389.Google Scholar
Howard, R. and Harvey, J.: 1970, Solar Phys. 12, 23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, R. and LaBonte, B.: 1980, Astrophys. J. 239, L33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, R. and LaBonte, B.: 1981, Solar Phys. 74, 131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, R., Gilman, P. A., and Gilman, P. I.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 283, 373.Google Scholar
Hu, Y. Q. and Low, B. C.: 1982, Solar Phys. 81, 107.Google Scholar
Jockers, K.: 1978, Solar Phys. 56, 37.Google Scholar
Kadomtsev, B. B.: 1975, Soviet J. Plasma Phys. 1, 389.Google Scholar
Kadomtsev, B. B.: 1984, Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion 26, 217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Köhler, H.: 1973, Astron. Astrophys. 25, 467.Google Scholar
Lerche, I. and Parker, E. N.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 176, 213.Google Scholar
Lichtenburg, A. J.: 1984, Nuclear Fusion 24, 1277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, R. P., Schwartz, R. A., Kane, S. R., Pelling, R. M., and Hurley, K. C.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 283, 421.Google Scholar
Low, B. C.: 1977a, Astrophys. J. 212, 234.Google Scholar
Low, B. C.: 1977b, Astrophys. J. 217, 988.Google Scholar
Low, B. C.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 251, 352.Google Scholar
Low, B. C.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 281, 392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, B. G.: 1985, Solar Phys. 100, 309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, B. C.: 1986, Astrophys. J. 307, 205.Google Scholar
Low, B. G.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 323, 358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, B. C.: 1988, Solar Phys. 115, 269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, B. C. and Hu, Y. Q.: 1983, Solar Phys. 84, 83.Google Scholar
Low, B. C. and Wolfson, R.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 324, 574.Google Scholar
Machado, M. E., Moore, R. L., Hernandez, A. M., Rovira, M. G., Hagyard, M. J., and Smith, J. B.: 1988a, Astrophys. J. 326, 425.Google Scholar
Machado, M. E., Xiao, Y. C., Wu, S. T., Prokakis, Th., and Dialetis, D.: 1988b, Astrophys. J. 326, 451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, F., Schmidt, H. U., Weiss, N. O., and Wilson, P. R.: 1974, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 169, 35.Google Scholar
Moffatt, H. K.: 1987, in Comte-Bellot, G. and Mathieu, J. (eds.), Advances in Turbulence, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 240–241.Google Scholar
Montgomery, D.: 1982, Phys. Scripta T2, 83.Google Scholar
Muller, R.: 1985, Solar Phys. 100, 237.Google Scholar
Newton, H. W. and Nunn, M. L.: 1955, Monthly Notices Roy. Astron. Soc. 111, 413.Google Scholar
Nolte, J. T., Solodyna, C. V., and Gerassimenko, M.: 1979, Solar Phys. 63, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otani, N. F. and Strauss, H. R.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 325, 468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1955, Astrophys. J. 122, 293.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1957, Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. 43, 8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 166, 295.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 174, 499.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1975, Astrophys. J. 198, 205.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1978a, Astrophys. J. 221, 368.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1978b, Astrophys. J. Ill, 357. Parker, E. N.: 1979a, Astrophys. J. 230, 905.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1979b, Astrophys. J. 232, 291.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1979c, Cosmical Magnetic Fields, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 659–681.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1979d, Astrophys. J. 234, 333.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1979e, Astrophys. J. 231, 270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1981a, Astrophys. J. 244, 631.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1981b, Astrophys. J. 144, 644. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1982, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 11, 195.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1983a, Astrophys. J. 264, 642.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1983b, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 23, 85.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1984a, Astrophys. J. 280, 423.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1984b, Astrophys. J. 281, 839.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1984c, Astrophys. J. 283, 343.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1985, in Zeilik, M. and Gibson, D. M. (eds.), Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 341–362.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1986a, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 34, 243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1986b, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 35, 277.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1987a, Astrophys. J. 312, 868.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1987b, Solar Phys. 110, 11.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1987c, Astrophys. J. 318, 876.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1987d, Astrophys. J. 321, 984.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1987e, Astrophys. J. 321, 1009.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1987f, in Poland, A. I. (ed.), Coronal and Prominence Plasmas, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, pp. 9–17.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1987g, in Altrock, R. (ed.), Workshop on Solar and Stellar Coronal Structure and Dynamics, Sacramento Peak Observatory, August 1987.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1988a, Astrophys. J. 325, 880.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1988b, Astrophys. J. 326, 395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1988c, Astrophys. J. 326, 407.Google Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1988d, Astrophys. J. 330, 474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, E. N.: 1988e, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. (in press).Google Scholar
Perez Garde, M., Vazquez, M., Schwan, H., and Wohl, H.: 1981, Astron. Astrophys. 93, 67.Google Scholar
Porter, J. G., Toomre, J., and Gebbie, K. B.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 283, 879.Google Scholar
Porter, J. G., Moore, R. L., Reichmann, E. J., Engvold, O., and Harvey, K. L.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 323, 380.Google Scholar
Priest, E. R. (ed.): 1981, Solar Flare Magnetohydrodynamics, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York.Google Scholar
Priest, E. R.: 1982, Solar Magnetohydrodynamics, D. Reidei Pubi. Co., Dordrecht, Holland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rai Choudhuri, A.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 281, 846.Google Scholar
Rosenbluth, M. N., Dagazian, R. Y., and Rutherford, P. H.: 1973, Phys. Fluids 16, 1894.Google Scholar
Rosner, R., Tucker, W. H., and Vaiana, G. S.: 1978, Astrophys. J. 220, 643.Google Scholar
Sakai, J., Colin, A., and Priest, E. R.: 1987, Solar Phys. 114, 253.Google Scholar
Schmitt, D.: 1987, Solar Phys. 174, 281.Google Scholar
Schmitt, J. H. M. M. and Rosner, R.: 1983, Astrophys. J. 265, 901.Google Scholar
Schröter, E. H.: 1985, Solar Phys. 100, 141.Google Scholar
Schwarzschild, M., 1958, Structure and Evolution of the Stars, Princeton University Press, Princeton.Google Scholar
Seehafer, N.: 1985, Solar Phys. 96, 307.Google Scholar
Seehafer, N.: 1986, Solar Phys. 105, 223.Google Scholar
Sheeley, N. R. and Golub, L.: 1979, Solar Phys. 63, 119.Google Scholar
Spruit, H. C.: 1974, Solar Phys. 34, 277.Google Scholar
Spruit, H. C.: 1979, Solar Phys. 61, 363.Google Scholar
Spruit, H. C. and van Ballegooijen, A. A.: 1982, Astron. Astrophys. 106, 58.Google Scholar
Steenbeck, M. and Krause, F.: 1969, Astron. Nachr. 291, 49, 271.Google Scholar
Steinolfson, R. S. and Tajima, T.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 322, 503.Google Scholar
Stenflo, J. O.: 1985, Solar Phys. 100, 189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stenflo, J. O. and Harvey, J. W.: 1985, Solar Phys. 95, 99.Google Scholar
Strauss, H. E. and Otani, N. F.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 326, 418.Google Scholar
Sturrock, P. A.: 1980, Solar Flares, Colorado Associated University Press, Boulder.Google Scholar
Sturrock, P. A., Kaufman, P., Moore, R. L., and Smith, D. F.: 1984, Solar Phys. 94, 341.Google Scholar
Švestka, Z.: 1976, Solar Flares, D. Reidei Pubi. Co., Dordrecht, Holland.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Syrovatskii, S. I.: 1971, Soviet Phys. JETP 33, 933.Google Scholar
Syrovatskii, S. I.: 1978, Solar Phys. 58, 89.Google Scholar
Syrovatskii, S. I.: 1981, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 19, 163.Google Scholar
Tandberg-Hanssen, E.: 1974, Solar Prominences, D. Reidei Pubi. Co., Dordrecht, Holland.Google Scholar
Taylor, J. B.: 1974, Phys. Rev. Letters 33, 1139.Google Scholar
Taylor, J. B.: 1986, Rev. Mod. Phys. 58, 741.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. H. and Scheuer, M. A.: 1982, Solar Phys. 79, 19.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. H., Lites, B. W., and Nye, A. H.: 1982, Nature 297, 485.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. H., Lites, B. W., Gurman, J. B., and Ladd, E. F.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 312, 457.Google Scholar
Tsinganos, K. C.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 259, 832.Google Scholar
Tsinganos, K. C., Distler, J. and Rosner, R.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 278, 409.Google Scholar
van Ballegooijen, A. A.: 1982, Astron. Astrophys. 113, 99.Google Scholar
van Ballegooijen, A. A.: 1988, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 41, 181.Google Scholar
Waddell, B. V., Rosenbluth, M. N., Monticello, D. A., and White, R. B.: 1976, Nucl. Fusion 16, 528.Google Scholar
Ward, F.: 1965, Astrophys. J. 141, 534.Google Scholar
Withbroe, G. L.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 325, 442.Google Scholar
Withbroe, G. L. and Noyes, R. W.: 1977, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 15, 363.Google Scholar
Wu, F. and Low, B. C.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 312, 431.Google Scholar
Yoshimura, H.: 1971, Solar Phys. 18, 417.Google Scholar
Yoshimura, H.: 1972, Solar Phys. 22, 20.Google Scholar
Yoshimura, H.: 1975, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 29, 467.Google Scholar
Yoshimura, H.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 247, 1102.Google Scholar
Zwaan, C.: 1978, Solar Phys. 60, 213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zwaan, C.: 1985, Solar Phys. 100, 397.Google Scholar