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We recall the main surveys: J. Herschel (1826), W. Struve (1825), A.W. Burnham and G.W. Hough (1880), R.G. Aitken and W.J. Hussey (1910), R. Jonckeere and T.E. Espin (1910), W.H. van den Bos (1925), R.A. Rossiter (1950). Presently the classical surveys are continuing with P. Muller, W.D. Heintz, and P. Couteau. The interferometric survey with large telescopes is carried out at CHARA. The results of old surveys, up to 1950, amount to 700 known orbits out of more than 35000 found binaries. The new surveys since 1965, both visual and interferometric, had checked 4000 new binaries giving already about 30 orbits. The periods are shorter and shorter: the mean period is 200 years for Struve (1825) binaries, 75 years for Aitken’s (1910), 25 years for Couteau and Muller’s (1970), and 7 years for CHARA’s. The number of known orbits increases exponentially with time. The “classical” surveys will have to be performed again within fifty years with refractors. The interferometric and aperture syntheses surveys will be able to observe every binary, even those in contact with each other. With HIPPARCOS’ results, astronomers will dispose of a complete set of data for new theories of stellar evolution.
On rappelle les principales prospections: J. Herschel (1826), W. Struve (1825), S.W. Burnham et G.W. Hough (1880), R.G. Aitken et W.J. Hussey (1910), R. Jonckheere et T.E. Espin (1910), W.H. van den Bos (1925), R.A. Rossiter (1950). Actuellement les prospections classiques continuent avec P. Muller, W.D. Heintz et P. Couteau. La Prospection interférométrique avec de grands télescopes se poursuit au CHARA. Le bilan des prospections anciennes, jusqu’en 1950 s’elève à 700 orbites connues sur plus de 35000 binaires découvertes. Les nouvelles prospections à partir de 1965, visuelles et interférométriques, ont recensé 4000 nouvelles binaires fournissant déjà une trentaine d’orbites. Les périodes sont de plus en plus rapides: la période moyenne des binaires Σ (1825) est de 200 ans, celle des binaires Aitken (1910) 75 ans, celle de Cou et Mlr (1970) 25 ans, celle des binaires CHARA 7 ans en moyenne. Le nombre d’orbites connu croît exponentiellement avec le temps. Les prospections “classiques” auront intérêt à être reprises dans cinquante ans avec des lunettes. Les prospections interférométriques et par synthèse d’ouverture pourront atteindre toute binaire, même en contact. Avec les résultats d’HIPPARCOS, les astronomes disposeront d’un ensemble de données complet pour les nouvelles théories de l’évolution stellaire.
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