Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T09:38:13.669Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Martin Brasier (1947–2014): astrobiologist

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 July 2015

Sean McMahon*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Charles Cockell
Affiliation:
UK Centre for Astrobiology, Edinburgh, UK

Abstract

How did life on Earth begin? What does the search for life in the distant past tell us about the search for life on distant planets? How should the most ancient and ambiguous putative biosignatures be critically evaluated? How did the Earth–life system evolve through the dramatic upheavals of the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary? When and why did eukaryotes begin to produce mineralized skeletons? These are among the astrobiological questions to which palaeobiologist Martin Brasier made profound contributions in a career spanning nearly half a century and tragically cut short late last year. Here, we summarize and celebrate Martin's contributions to astrobiology.

Type
Review Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antcliffe, J. & Brasier, M.D. (2008). Charnia at 50: developmental models for Ediacaran fronds. Palaeontology 51, 1126.Google Scholar
Battison, L. & Brasier, M.D. (2012). Remarkably preserved prokaryote and eukaryote microfossils within 1 Ga-old lake phosphates of the Torridon Group, NW Scotland. Precambrian Res. 196, 204217.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D. (1975). An outline history of seagrass communities. Palaeontology 18, 681702.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D. (1976). Early Cambrian intergrowths of archaeocyathids, Renalcis and pseudostromatolites from South Australia. Palaeontology 19, 223245.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D. (1982). Foraminiferal architectural history: a review using the MinLOC and PI methods. J. Micropalaeontol. 1, 95105.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D. (1986). Excavation at 147 Lexden Road, Colchester. Trans. Essex Soc. Archaeol. History 16, 145149.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D. (2009). Darwin's Lost World. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D. (2012). Secret Chambers. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D. & Armstrong, H. (2004). Microfossils, 2nd edn.Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D. & Wacey, D. (2012). Fossils and astrobiology: new protocols for cell evolution in deep time. Int. J. Astrobiol. 11, 217228.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D., Cowie, J.W. & Taylor, M.E. (1994). Decision on the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary stratotype. Episodes 17, 38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brasier, M.D., Green, O.R., Jephcoat, A.P., Kleppe, A.K., Van Kranendonk, M.J., Lindsay, J.F., Steele, A. & Grassineau, N.V. (2002). Questioning the evidence for Earth's oldest fossils. Nature 416, 7681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brasier, M.D., Green, O.R. & McLoughlin, N. (2004). Characterization and critical testing of potential microfossils from the early Earth: the Apex “microfossil debate” and its lessons for Mars sample return. Int. J. Astrobiol. 3, 112.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D., Green, O.R., Lindsay, J.F., McLoughlin, N., Steele, A. & Stoakes, C. (2005). Critical testing of Earth's oldest putative fossil assemblage from the ~3.5 Ga Apex chert, Chinaman Creek, Western Australia. Precambrian Res. 140, 55102.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D., Cotton, L., Yenney, I. (2009). First report of amber with spider's webs and microbial inclusions from the earliest Cretaceous (~140 Ma) of Hastings, Sussex. J. Geol. Soc. 166, 989997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brasier, M.D., Antcliffe, J.B. & Callow, R.H.T. (2011a). Evolutionary trends in remarkable fossil preservation across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition and the impact of metazoan mixing. In: Taphonomy: Processes and Bias Through Time, ed. Allison, P.A. & Bottjer, D.J., Springer, Berlin, pp. 519567.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D., Matthewman, R., McMahon, S. & Wacey, D. (2011b). Pumice as a remarkable substrate for the origin of life. Astrobiology 11, 725735.Google Scholar
Brasier, M.D., Matthewman, R., McMahon, S., Kilburn, M.R. & Wacey, D. (2013a). Pumice from the ~3460 Ma Apex Basalt, Western Australia: a natural laboratory for the early biosphere. Precambrian Res. 224, 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brasier, M.D., McIlroy, D., Liu, A.G., Antcliffe, J.B. & Menon, L.R. (2013b). The oldest evidence of bioturbation on Earth: comment. Geology 41, e289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brasier, M.D., Antcliffe, J., Saunders, M. & Wacey, D. (2015). PNAS 112, 48594864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cockell, C.S. (2014). Types of habitat in the Universe. Int. J. Astrobiol. 13, 158164.Google Scholar
Dalton, R. (2002). Microfossils: squaring up over ancient life. Nature 417, 782784.Google Scholar
De Gregorio, B.T., Sharp, T.G., Flynn, G.J., Wirick, S. & Hervig, R.L. (2009). Biogenic origin for Earth's oldest putative microfossils. Geology 37, 631634.Google Scholar
Hazen, R. (2005). Genesis: The Scientific Quest for Life's Origins. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Liu, A., McIlroy, D. & Brasier, M.D. (2010). First evidence for locomotion in the Ediacara biota from the 565 Ma Mistaken Point Formation, Newfoundland. Geology 38, 123126.Google Scholar
Liu, A., McIlroy, D., Antcliffe, J. & Brasier, M.D. (2011). Effaced preservation in the Ediacara biota and its implications for the early macrofossil record. Palaeontology 54, 607630.Google Scholar
Liu, A., Matthews, J.J., Menon, L.R., McIlroy, D. & Brasier, M.D. (2014). Haootia quadriformis n. gen., n. sp., interpreted as a muscular cnidarian impression from the Late Ediacaran period (approx. 560 Ma). Proc. Roy. Soc. B. 281, 20141202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, A.O., Emry, J.R. & Marshall, C.P. (2012). Multiple generations of carbon in the Apex chert and implications for preservation of microfossils. Astrobiology 12, 160166.Google Scholar
Marshall, C.P. & Marshall, A.O. (2013). Raman hyperspectral imaging of microfossils: potential pitfalls. Astrobiology 13, 920931.Google Scholar
McLoughlin, N., Brasier, M.D., Wacey, D., Green, O.R. (2007). On biogenicity criteria for endolithic microborings on early Earth and beyond. Astrobiology 7, 1026.Google Scholar
McLoughlin, N., Wilson, L.A. & Brasier, M.D. (2008). Growth of synthetic stromatolites and wrinkle structures in the absence of microbes – implications for the early fossil record. Geobiology 6, 95105.Google Scholar
McLoughlin, N. et al. (2015). A tribute to Martin D. Brasier: palaeobiologist and astrobiologist. Astrobiology In press.Google Scholar
Pinti, D.L., Mineau, R., Clement, V. (2009). Hydrothermal alteration and microfossil artefacts of the 3465-million-year-old Apex Chert. Nat. Geosci. 2, 640643.Google Scholar
Rose, E., McLoughlin, N. & Brasier, M.D. (2006). Ground truth: the epistemology of searching for the earliest life on Earth. In: Life as we Know It: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol. 10, ed. Seckbach, J.Springer, Berlin, pp. 259285.Google Scholar
Schopf, J.W. (1993). Microfossils of the Early Archean Apex Chert: new evidence of the antiquity of life. Science 260, 640646.Google Scholar
Schopf, J.W. & Kudryavtsev, A.B. (2012). Biogenicity of Earth's earliest fossils: a resolution of the controversy. Gondwana Res. 22, 761771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schopf, J.W. & Packer, B.M. (1987). Early Archean (3.3-billion to 3.5-billion-year-old) microfossils from Warrawoona Group, Australia. Science 237, 7073.Google Scholar
Seilacher, A. (1984). Late Precambrian and Early Cambrian metazoa: preservational or real extinctions? In: Patterns of Change in Earth Evolution. vol. 5, ed. Holland, H.D. & Trendall, A.F.Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 159168.Google Scholar
Strother, P.K., Battison, L., Brasier, M.D. & Wellman, C.H. (2011). Earth's earliest non-marine eukaryotes. Nature 473, 505509.Google Scholar
Towe, K.M. (1981). Biochemical keys to the emergence of complex life. In: Life in the Universe, ed. Billingham, J.MIT Press, Cambridge, pp. 297301.Google Scholar
Wacey, D. (2015). Martin Brasier: a journey in palaeobiology. Nat. Geosci. 8, 89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wacey, D., Kilburn, M.R., Saunders, M., Cliff, J. & Brasier, M.D. (2011). Microfossils of sulphur-metabolizing cells in 3.4-billion-year-old rocks of Western Australia. Nat. Geosci. 4, 698702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, P.D. & Brownlee, D. (2000). Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.Google Scholar