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Differential effects of various African nightshade species on the fecundity and movement of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 January 2012

L.K. Murungi ,
M. Knapp ,
D. Salifu ,
J. Wesonga ,
A. Nyende ,
P. Masinde  and
B. Torto
L.K. Murungi*
Affiliation:
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
M. Knapp
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
D. Salifu
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
J. Wesonga
Affiliation:
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
A. Nyende
Affiliation:
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
P. Masinde
Affiliation:
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
B. Torto
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), PO Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
*
*E-mail: lucykananu@yahoo.com
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Abstract

The tomato red spider mite Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard is a serious pest of solanaceous plants worldwide. Management of this oligophagous pest in African nightshades has been a challenge to smallholder African farmers due to its high reproductive rate and rapid development of resistance to synthetic pesticides. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of leaf trichomes on T. evansi by comparing its fecundity and movement on the leaf surfaces of five African nightshade species, namely Solanum sarrachoides Sendter, S. villosum Miller, S. tarderemotum Bitter, S. americanum Miller and S. scabrum Miller. Data were recorded in the laboratory at 23 ± 1°C, 50–70% relative humidity and a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod for the effect of trichome type and density of the abaxial leaf surface on mite fecundity. Distances travelled by mites on the leaf surface from the edge of a thumbtack pin inserted on the leaf were also recorded. Different trichomes, glandular and non-glandular types, were identified. There was a significant negative correlation of fecundity and distance walked by mites with the density of glandular trichomes. Significantly fewer eggs were laid on S. sarrachoides in comparison with the other Solanum species. The distance walked by mites was also significantly shorter in this species, indicating that higher densities of glandular trichomes interfere with mite movements. These results suggest that African nightshade genotypes differ in their levels of resistance to T. evansi, which is partially associated with differences in trichome types and their densities.

Keywords

resistanceSolanum sppTetranychus evansitrichome

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Type
Research Paper
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , December 2011 , pp. 269 - 276
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2011

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