Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T09:09:49.481Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Insecticide application schedules to reduce grain yield losses caused by insects of cowpea in Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Aliyageen M. Alghali
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria
Get access

Abstract

An experiment was undertaken at two locations in Nigeria to identify the major insect pests of cowpea, assess the yield losses caused by them and recommend profitable control packages. Various combinations of insecticidal applications were tested at four crop growth stages, in conjunction with varieties possessing moderate levels of resistance to one or two insect pests. Flower thrips were the most important pests, followed by pod sucking bugs and foliage pests. The resistance levels of the varieties did not contribute much to reducing yield losses. Yield losses of upto 75% were caused by insects attacking cowpea during the flower bud and flowering stages, and of 23% by insects attacking during pod development. Insects attacking during the foliage growth stage had little effect on yields. Profitable spray schedules which increased yields by about 50–200% were: three sprays at flower budding, flowering and podding (the optimum), the sprays at either flower budding and flowering or flower budding and podding depending on the location, and one spray at either flower budding or flowering stage. Other spray combinations were also viable, but less profitable. Appropriate recommendations for various categories of farmers are given.

Résumé

Un expérience a été conduite en deux localités au Nigéria pour identifier des principaux ravageurs du niébé, évaluer le perte de la récolte qu'ils causent et recommander la lutte chimique utile. Différentes combinaisons d'application d'insecticides sur quatre stades de croissance étaient testées sur des variétés de niveau de résistance moyen à un ou deux ravageurs. Les thrips des fleurs étaient les plus important ravageurs suivis par les punaises succeuses de gousses et les ravageurs des feuilles. Le niveau de résistance des variétés n'a pas beaucoup contribué à la réduction des pertes de récolte. Les pertes des récoltes allant jusq'à 75% étaient causées par les insectes qui attaquent le niébé pendant la formation des boutons floraux et la floraison, 23% par les insectes qui attaquent au cours du développement des gousses. Les insectes qui s'attaquent aux feuilles du niébé ont peu d'effet sur les récoltes. Les bonnes programmations, de pulvérisation d'insecticides qui ont augmenté les récoltes de 50–200% étaient: trois pulvérisations pendant la formation des boutons floraux, à la floraison et à la formation des gousses, deux pulvérisations soit à la formation des gousses et à la floraison ou à la formation des boutons floraux et à la formation des gousses. Compte tenu de localité, un pulvérisation est nécessaire soit à la formation des boutons floraux soit au stade de floraison. D'autres combinaisons de pulvérisation étaient aussi possible mais moins utiles. Des recommendations appropriées aux les differentes catégories d'agriculteurs sont données.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alghali, A. M. (1987) Effect of time of Chilo pariellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptcra: Pyralidac) infestation on yield loss and compensatory abili ty in sorghum cultivars. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad) 64, 144148.Google Scholar
Alghali, A. M. (1991a) Studies on cowpca farming practices in Nigeria with emphasis on insect pest control. Trop. Pest Manage. (In press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alghali, A. M. (1991b) Integrated pest management strategy for cowpea production under residual soil moisture in the Bidaareaof northern Nigeria. Trop. Pest Manage. (In press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alghali, A.M. (1991c) The effects of some agrometcorological factors on flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) fluctuations on two cowpea varieties. J. Plant Prot. Trop. (In press).Google Scholar
Alghali, A. M. and Osisanya, E. O. (1984) Effects of damage by stalk-eyed fly, Diopsis thoracica West (Diptera: Diosidae) on the yield components of the rice crop. Exp. Agric. 20, 225234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackai, L. E. N. and Daoust, R. A. (1986) Insect pests of cowpeas. Anna. Rev. Entomol. 31, 95119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackai, L.E.N., Franks, P. C. and Alghali, A.M. (1987) The development of an insectpestcontrol strategy for cowpea using the electrodyn sprayer. Paper delivered at the 11th International Plant Protection Congress. 4–9 October 1987. Manilla, Philippines.Google Scholar
Jackai, L. E. N. and Singh, S. R. (1983) Varietal resistance in the integrated pest management of cowpea pests. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 199204.Google Scholar
Kyamanywa, S. and Ampofo, J. K. O. (1988) Effects of cowpea/maize mixed cropping on the incident light at the cowpea canopy and flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) population density. Crop Prot. 7, 186189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matteson, P. C. (1982) The effects of intercropping with cereals and minimal permethrin application on insectpestsof cowpeaand their natural enemies in Nigeria. Trop. Pest Manage. 28, 372380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nangju, D., Flinn, J. C. and Singh, S. R. (1979) Control of cowpea pests by utilization of insect resistant cultivars and minimum insecticide application. Field Crops Res. 2, 373385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rachie, K. O. (1985) Introduction. In Cowpea Research, Production and Utilization (Edited by Singh, S. R. and Rachie, K. O.), pp. XXI–XXVIII. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Raheja, A. K. and Hayes, H. M. (1975) Sole crop cowpea production by farmers using improved practices. Trop. Grain Legume Bull. 1, 6.Google Scholar
Singh, S.R. and Taylor, T.A. (1978) Pests of grain legumes and their control in Nigeria. In Pests of Grain Legumes: Ecology and Control (Edited by Singh, S. R., van Emden, H. F. and Taylor, T. A.). Academic Press, London.Google Scholar