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Performing International Systems: Two East-Asian Alternatives to the Westphalian Order

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2012

Erik Ringmar
Erik Ringmar
Affiliation:
Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. E-mail: erik@ringmar.net
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Abstract

This article provides a framework for the comparative study of international systems. By analyzing how international systems are framed, scripted, and performed, it is possible to understand how interstate relations are interpreted in different historical periods and parts of the world. But such an investigation also has general implications—inter alia for a study of the nature of power, the role of emotions in foreign policymaking, and public opinion formation. Case studies are provided by the Sino-centric, the Tokugawa, and the Westphalian systems. As this study shows, the two East Asian systems were in several respects better adapted than the Westphalian to the realities of international politics in the twenty-first century.

Type
Research Article
Information
International Organization , Volume 66 , Issue 1 , January 2012 , pp. 1 - 25
Copyright
Copyright © The IO Foundation 2012

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