Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T10:40:12.424Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ecotype Variability and Edaphic Characteristics for Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Populations in Mississippi

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Charles T. Bryson ,
L. Jason Krutz ,
Gary N. Ervin ,
Krishna N. Reddy  and
John D. Byrd Jr
Charles T. Bryson*
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776
L. Jason Krutz
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776
Gary N. Ervin
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
Krishna N. Reddy
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776
John D. Byrd Jr
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: cbryson@ars.usda.gov
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cogongrass is a highly invasive, perennial grass that is found on all continents, except Antarctica. It continues to spread at an alarming rate in the southeastern United States. Cogongrass has been reported from a wide array of habitats; however, soils from areas where cogongrass grows have never been characterized. Live cogongrass plants, herbarium specimens, and soil samples were collected from 53 cogongrass populations from across the 10 physiographic regions and land use areas in Mississippi. Cogongrass leaf and inflorescence morphology varied among sites, and plants were found in soils varying widely in texture (ranging from 28 to 86% sand, 3 to 48% silt, and 6 to 43% clay), organic matter content (ranging from 0.9 to 5.0%), pH (ranging from 4.4 to 8.0), and nutrient status: 6 to 190 kg ha−1 (15 to 470 lb A−1) of phosphorus (P), 46 to 734 kg ha−1 of potassium (K), 150 to 7,620 kg ha−1 of calcium (Ca), 26 to 1,090 kg ha−1 of magnesium (Mg), 1 to 190 kg ha−1 of zinc (Zn), 145 to 800 kg ha−1 of estimated sulfur (S) based on organic matter, and 57 to 300 kg ha−1 of sodium (Na). These soil parameters were highly variable among cogongrass populations, even within physiographic regions or land use areas, and encompassed much of the soil physiochemical diversity within the state. Soil characteristics were significantly correlated with leaf length (Ca, K, Mg, P, Zn, and percentage of sand and silt), leaf width (Ca, P, Mg, and percentage of sand and silt), the leaf length-to-width ratio (K and P), inflorescence length (Na, P, and pH), inflorescence width (S, organic matter, and pH), and the inflorescence length-to-width ratio (S and organic matter). These data indicate that cogongrass is able to establish, emerge, grow, and reproduce on a wide array of soils in Mississippi. This ability provides cogongrass an advantage over other plant species that are more limited in the soil types that support their growth.

Keywords

Cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. IMPCYMorphologyecotypic variabilityedaphic characteristicsinvasive weedssoil characteristics
Type
Review
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , November 2010 , pp. 199 - 207
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Akobundu, I. O. and Agyakwa, C. W. 1998. A Handbook of West African Weeds. 2nd ed. Ibadan, Nigeria International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. 496 p.Google Scholar
Ashworth, J., Keyes, D., Kirk, R., and Lessard, R. 2001. Standard procedure in the hydrometer method for particle size analysis. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal 32:633–642.Google Scholar
Brewer, J. S. and Cralle, S. P. 2003. Phosphorus addition reduces invasion of a longleaf pine savanna (Southeastern USA) by a non-indigenous grass (Imperata cylindrica). Plant Ecol 167:237–245.Google Scholar
Brown, D. 1944. Anatomy and Reproduction in Imperata cylindrica. Oxfordshire, UK Imperial Agricultural Bureaux Joint Publication 7:15–18. 66 p.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T. and Carter, R. 1993. Cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica, in the United States. Weed Technol 7:1005–1009.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T. and Koger, C. H. 2004. Effects of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) extracts on germination and seedling growth of selected grass and broadleaf species. Weed Technol 18:236–242.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T., Koger, C. H., and Byrd, J. D. Jr. 2004. Response of selected grass and broadleaf species to cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) residues. Weed Technol 18:353–357.Google Scholar
Bryson, C. T., Koger, C. H., and Byrd, J. D. Jr. 2007. Effects of temperature and exposure period to heat on cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) viability. Weed Technol 21:141–144.Google Scholar
Byrd, J. D. Jr and Bryson, C. T. 1999. Biology, ecology, and control of cogongrass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.]. Mississippi State, MS Bureau of Plant Industry, Mississippi Department of Agriculture and Commerce Fact Sheet 1999-01. 2 p.Google Scholar
Capo-chichi, L. J. A., Faircloth, W. H., Williamson, A. G., Patterson, M. G., Miller, J. H., and van Santen, E. 2008. Invasion dynamics and genotypic diversity of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) at the point introduction in the southeastern United States. Invasive Plant Sci. Manag 1:133–141.Google Scholar
Carter, R., Bryson, C. T., and Darbyshire, S. J. 2007. Preparation and use of voucher specimens for documenting research in weed science. Weed Technol 21:1101–1108.Google Scholar
Casini, P., Vecchio, V., and Tamantini, I. 1998. Allelopathic interference of itchgrass and cogongrass: Germination and early development of rice. Trop. Agric 75:445–451.Google Scholar
Chikoye, D., Ekeleme, F., and Ambe, J. T. 1999. Survey of distribution and farmers' perceptions of speargrass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel] in cassava-based systems in West Africa. Int. J. Pest Manag 45:305–311.Google Scholar
Clayton, W. D. 1972. Studies in the Gramineae: the awned genera of the Andropogoneae . Kew Bull 27:457–474.Google Scholar
Coile, N. C. and Shilling, D. G. 1993. Cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.: A Good Grass Gone Bad. Division of Plant Industry, Florida of Agriculture and Consumer Services Botany Circular Volume 28. 3 p.Google Scholar
Cox, M. S. 2001. The Lancaster soil test method as an alternative to the Mehlich 3 soil test method. Soil Sci 166:484–489.Google Scholar
Dickens, R. 1974. Cogongrass in Alabama after sixty years. Weed Sci 22:177–179.Google Scholar
Dickens, R. and Buchanan, G. A. 1971. Old weed in a new home-that's cogongrass. Highlights Agric. Res 18:2.Google Scholar
Dickens, R. and Buchanan, G. A. 1975. Control of cogongrass with herbicides. Weed Sci 23:194–197.Google Scholar
Dozier, H., Gaffney, J. F., McDonald, S. K., Johnson, E. R. L., and Shilling, D. G. 1998. Cogongrass in the United States: history, ecology, impacts, and management. Weed Technol 12:737–743.Google Scholar
Eussen, J. H. H. 1979. Some competition experiments with alang-alang [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.] in replacement series. Oecologia 40:351–356.Google Scholar
Eussen, J. H. H. and Wirjahardja, S. 1973. Studies of an alang-alang [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.] vegetation. Biotrop. Bull 6:1–24.Google Scholar
Faircloth, W. H., Patterson, M. G., Miller, J. H., and Teem, D. H. 2005. Wanted dead or alive: cogongrass. Auburn, AL Alabama Cooperative Extension Publication ANR-1241. 4 p.Google Scholar
Falvey, J. L. 1981. Imperata cylindrica and animal production in southeastern Asia: a review. Trop. Grassl 15:52–56.Google Scholar
Gabel, M. L. 1982. A biosystematic study of the genus Imperata (Gramineae: Andropogoneae). Ph.D Dissertation. Ames, IA Iowa State University. 94 p.Google Scholar
Gabel, M. L. 2003. Imperata . Pages 618–623. In Barkworth, M. E., Capels, K. M., Long, S., and Piper, M. B. eds. Flora of North America. Volume 25. New York Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Garrity, D. P., Soekardi, M., Van Noordwijk, M., De La Cruz, R., Pathak, P. S., Gunasena, H. P. M., Van So, N., Huijun, G., and Majid, N. M. 1996. The Imperata grasslands of tropical Asia: area, distribution, and typology. Agrofor. Syst 36:3–29.Google Scholar
Gelbard, J. L. and Harrison, S. 2003. Roadless habitats as refuges for native grasslands: interactions with soil, aspect, and grazing. Ecol. Appl 13:404–415.Google Scholar
Hall, D. W. 1998. Is cogon grass really an exotic? Wildl. Weeds 1 (3):14–15.Google Scholar
Harrison, S., Rice, K., and Maron, J. 2001. Habitat patchiness promotes invasion by alien grasses on serpentine soil. Biol. Conserv 100:45–53.Google Scholar
Holly, D. C. and Ervin, G. N. 2007. Effects of interspecific seedling density, soil type, and light availability upon growth and biomass allocation in cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica . Weed Technol 21:812–819.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Pucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. B., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Honolulu, HI University Press of Hawaii. 609 p.Google Scholar
Hubbard, C. E., Whyte, R. O., Brown, D., and Gray, A. P. 1944. Imperata cylindrica. taxonomy, distribution, economic significance, and control. Oxfordshire, UK Imperial Agricultural Bureaux Joint Publication. 7:1–63.Google Scholar
Huenneke, L. F., Hamburg, S. P., Koide, R., Mooney, H. A., and Vitousek, P. M. 1990. Effects of soil resources on plant invasion and community structure in California serpentine grassland. Ecology 71:478–491.Google Scholar
Inderjit, , and Dakshini, K. M. M. 1991. Investigations on some aspects of chemical ecology of cogongrass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. J. Chem. Ecol 17:343–352.Google Scholar
Johnson, E. R. R. L., Gaffney, J. F., and Shilling, D. G. 1999. The influence of disking on the efficacy of imazapyr for cogongrass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.] control. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc 52:165.Google Scholar
Lippincott, C. L. 2000. Effects of Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. (cogongrass) invasion on fire regime in Florida sandhill. Nat. Areas J 20:140–149.Google Scholar
Lowe, E. N. 1921. Plants of Mississippi. Mississippi State, MS Mississippi State Geological Survey Bulletin 17. 292 p.Google Scholar
Miller, J. H. 1999. Refining rates and treatment sequences for cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) control with imazapyr and glyphosate. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc 53:181.Google Scholar
Morris, M. W. 1989. Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) in Mississippi. Selbyana 11:39–48.Google Scholar
Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Pages 961–1010. In Bartels, J. M. ed. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3 Chemical Methods. Madison, WI Soil Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Porazinska, D. L., Bardgett, R. D., Blaauw, M. B., and Hunt, H. W. 2003. Relationships at the aboveground–belowground interface: plants, soil biota, and soil processes. Ecol. Monogr 73:377–395.Google Scholar
Scott, H. D. 2000. Soil Physics: Agricultural and Environmental Applications. Ames, IA Iowa State University Press. 412 p.Google Scholar
Soerjani, M. and Soemarwoto, O. 1969. Some factors affecting germination of alang-alang Imperata cylindrica rhizome buds. Pest Artic. News 15:376–380.Google Scholar
Tominaga, T. 1993. Rhizome systems and sprouting pattern of shoots in Imperata cylindrica . Jpn. J. Trop. Agric 37:120–123.Google Scholar
Tominaga, T., Kobayashi, H., and Ueki, K. 1989. The seasonal change in the standing crop of Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii grassland in Kii-Ohsima Island of Japan. Weed Res. Japan 34:204–209.Google Scholar
Udensi, E. U., Akobundu, I. O., Ayeni, A. O., and Chikoye, D. 1999. Management of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) with velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis) and herbicides. Weed Technol 13:201–208.Google Scholar
Vanderford, H. B. 1962. Soils of Mississippi. Mississippi State, MS Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station, Mississippi State University. 125 p.Google Scholar
Vanderford, H. D. 1975. Soil and land resources of Mississippi. Mississippi State, MS Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University and the Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 133 p.Google Scholar
Vergara, R., Minno, M. C., Minno, M., Soltis, S. E., and Soltis, P. S. 2008. Preliminary study using ISSRs to differentiate Imperata taxa (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) growing in the US. Southeast. Nat 7:267–276.Google Scholar
Willard, T. R., Hall, D. W., Shilling, D. G., Lewis, J. A., and Currey, W. L. 1990. Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) distribution on Florida highway rights-of-way. Weed Technol 4:658–660.Google Scholar
Yager, L. Y. and Smith, M. 2009. Use of GIS to prioritize cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) control on Camp Shelby Joint Forces Training Center, Mississippi. Invasive Plant Sci. Manag 2:74–82.Google Scholar