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Bantu Expansion: The Evidence from Physical Anthropology Confronted with Linguistic and Archaeological Evidence

  • Jean Hiernaux
Extract

Processes of expansion in central and eastern Africa, independently evidenced by linguistics, anthropobiology and archaeology, display such similar patterns that they may be regarded as facets of the same sequence of events. This paper develops mainly the anthropobiological evidence by using new methods of analysis based on multivariate distances. It ends with a coherent synthesis of the contributions of the three disciplines to the problems of Bantu expansion.

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COPYRIGHT: © Cambridge University Press 1968
References
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1 Oliver, R., ‘The problem of the Bantu expansion’, J. Afr. Hist. VII (1966), 361–76.

2 Posnansky, M., ‘Bantu genesis—archaeological reflexions’, J. Afr. Hist. IX (1968), 1–11.

3 Hiernaux, J., La Diversité humaine en Afrique subsaharienne: recherches biologiques (Bruxelles, 1968).

4 Oliver, R., loc. cit. 361.

5 Greenberg, J. H., Languages of Africa (The Hague, 1963). Greenberg's linguistic classification is the one used here.

6 Oliver, R., loc. cit. 365.

7 Guthrie, M., ‘Some developments in the pre-history of the Bantu languages’ J. Afr. Hist. III (1962), 273–82.

8 Oliver, R., loc. cit. 366–7.

9 Ibid. 369.

10 Soper, R. C., ‘Early Iron Age pottery types from East Africa: comparative analysis’, paper presented at the 6th Pan-African Congress of Prehistory, Dakar, 12 1967.

11 Smolla, G., ‘Prähistorische Keramik aus Ostafrika’, Tribus, VI (1957), 35–64.

12 Oliver, R., loc. cit. 375.

13 J. D. Clark, personal communication.

14 Datings by Professor Oeschger, H., of Bern University, numbered B-755 and B-758, cited in Hiernaux, J., Maquet, E. et De Buyst, J., ‘Le cimetière prothohistorique de Katoto (vallée du Lualaba, Congo-Kinshasa),’ paper presented at the 6th Pan-African Congress of Prehistory, Dakar, 12 1967.

15 R. C. Soper, bc. cit.

16 J. Hiernaux; see footnote 3 above.

17 Hiernaux, J., ‘Les Bushong et les Cwa du royaume Kuba (Congo-Kinshasa): pygmées, pygmoïdes et pygméisation; anthropologic, linguistique et expansion bantoue’, Bull. Mém. Soc. Anthrop. Paris 9 (1966), 299–336.

18 Hiernaux, J., La Diversité humaine en Afrique subsaharienne: recherches biologiques (Bruxelles, 1968), 114et seq.

19 Hiernaux, J., ‘La diversité biologique des groupes ethniques’, to appear in Histoire de l'Afrique Noire, edited by Deschamps, H. (Paris, 1968).

20 Greenberg, J. H., op. cit. 177.

21 J. Hiernaux; see footnote 3 above.

22 Hiernaux, J., ‘Human biological diversity in Central Africa’, Man I (1966), 287–306.

23 J. Hiernaux, see footnote 17 above.

24 These are provisional values, computed from unpublished preliminary data on the Hadza kindly communicated to me by Professor N. A. Barnicot.

25 J. Hiernaux; see footnote 3 above.

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The Journal of African History
  • ISSN: 0021-8537
  • EISSN: 1469-5138
  • URL: /core/journals/journal-of-african-history
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