Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-14T14:03:04.610Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Comparative performance of some faba bean (Vicia faba) cultivars of contrasting plant types. 1. Yield, yield components and nitrogen fixation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

S. N. Silim
Affiliation:
International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria
M. C. Saxena
Affiliation:
International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria

Summary

The potential for grain yield and nitrogen fixation by faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars of contrasting plant types was studied at ICARDA's main research station at Tel Hadya in northern Syria during 1985–88. The cultivars included indeterminate landraces, determinate and independent vascular supply (IVS) plant types sown at two seeding densities.

In 1985/86, the cultivars with indeterminate growth habit (ILB 1811, ILB 1819, ILB 1814), which are adapted to the Mediterranean basin, produced the highest grain yield, followed by the determinate cultivar FLIP 84–230F and the lowest yield was obtained from IVSFG–IVS 6, a cultivar with an independent vascular supply to each flower. In 1986/87, ILB 1814 again outyielded two determinate faba bean cultivars (FLIP 84–230F and FLIP 84–239F) and IVSFG–IVS 6. Similarly, in 1987/88, ILB 1814 significantly outyielded the determinate faba bean cultivars FLIP 84–239F, FLIP 84–240F and FLIP 84–241F; and also the indeterminate cultivar IVSFG–IVS 6.

Seeding at 44 plants/m2 as opposed to the recommended rate of 22 plants/m2 gave a slight but non-significant reduction in grain yield for the indeterminate cultivars from the Mediterranean environment (ILB 1814, ILB 1811, ILB 1819). Grain yields were increased significantly in the determinate plant type FLIP 84–39F in 1986/87 and 1987/88, and in IVSFG–IVS 6 in 1986/87.

Grain yield was strongly and positively correlated with total dry matter (r = 0·93) and also to mean weight per bean (r = 0·83) and harvest index (r= 0·47). The correlations between grain yield and pods/m2, seeds/m2 and seeds/pod were negative.

Total nitrogen uptake and nitrogen derived from atmospheric fixation followed a similar pattern to the results for grain yield: high in the high yielding cultivar, ILB 1814, and low in cultivars with low grain yields. In 1986/87, N2 derived from fixation was 77% in ILB 1814, 68% in FLIP 84–239F, 63% in FLIP 84–230F and 62% in IVSFG–IVS 6; and in 1987/88 the values were 88% in ILB 1814, 86% in FLIP 84–239F and 82% in IVSFG–IVS 6.

Type
Crops and Soils
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Baker, D. A., Chapman, G. P., Standish, M. J. & Bailey, M. P. (1984). Growth habit in relation to assimilate partitioning and some consequences for breeding. In Vicia faba: Agronomy, Physiology and Breeding (Eds Hebblethwaite, P. D., Dawkins, T. C. K., Heath, M. C. & Lockwood, G.), pp. 2328. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, D. P., Wery, J., Saxena, M. C. & Ayadi, A. (1991). Dinitrogen fixation and nitrogen balance in cool-season food legumes. Agronomy Journal 83, 334341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadbent, F. E., Naskasmma, T. & Chang, G. Y. (1982). Estimation of nitrogen fixation by isotope dilution in field and greenhouse experiments. Agronomy Journal 74, 625628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, G. P., Guest, H. L. & Peat, W. E. (1978). Top removal in single stem plants of Vicia faba L. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenzuchiung 89, 119127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donald, C. M. & Hamblin, J. (1976). The biological yield and harvest index of cereals as agronomic and plant breeding criteria. Advances in Agronomy 28, 361405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Nadi, A. H. (1969). Water relations of beans. I. Effect of water stress on growth and flowering. Experimental Agriculture 6, 195207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Free, J. B. & Williams, I. H. (1976). Pollination as a factor limiting the yield of field beans (Vicia faba L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 87, 395399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gates, P., Yarwood, J. N., Harris, N., Smith, M. L. & Boulter, D. (1981). Cellular changes in the pedicel and peduncle during flower abscission in Vicia faba. In Vicia faba: Physiology and Breeding (Ed. Thompson, R.), pp. 299312. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gates, P., Smith, M. L. & Boulter, D. (1983). Reproductive physiology of Vicia faba L. In The Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) (Ed. Hebblethwaite, P. D.), pp. 133142. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar
Gehriger, W. & Keller, E. R. (1980). Influence of topping of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) on their growth and on the supply of the flowers with 14C. FABIS 2, 33.Google Scholar
Hardy, R. W. F., Holsten, R. D., Jackson, E. K. & Burns, R. C. (1968). The acetylene-ethylene assay for N2 fixation: laboratory and field evaluation. Plant Physiology 43, 11851207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hebblethwaite, P. D., Scott, R. K. & Kogbe, J. O. S. (1984). The effect of irrigation and bees on the yield and yield components of Vicia faba L. In Vicia faba: Agronomy, Physiology and Breeding (Eds Hebblethwaite, P. D., Dawkins, T. C. K., Heath, M. C. & Lockwood, G.), pp. 7193. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedley, C. L. & Ambrose, M. J. (1981). Designing ‘leafless’ pea plants for improving yields of dried pea crop. Advances in Agronomy 34, 255277.Google Scholar
Huber, R., Keller, E. R. & Schwendimann, F. (1987). Effects of biological nitrogen fixation by faba beans (Vicia faba L.) on the nitrogen economy of the soil. FABIS 17, 1420.Google Scholar
Husain, M. M., Hill, G. D. & Gallagher, J. N. (1988). The response of field beans (Vicia faba L.) to irrigation and sowing date. 1. Yield and yield components. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 111, 221232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas) (1986). Meteorological reports for ICARDA Experiment Stations in Syria, 1985/86 season, pp. 1923.Google Scholar
ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas) (1987). Food Legume Improvement Program: Annual Report 1986, pp. 5557.Google Scholar
ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas) (1988 a). Meteorological Reports for ICARDA Experiment Stations in Syria: 1986/87 Season, pp. 3541.Google Scholar
ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas) (1988 b). Food Legume Improvement Program: Annual Report 1987, pp. 2829.Google Scholar
ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas) (1989). Meteorological Reports for ICARDA Experiment Stations in Syria: 1987/88 Season, pp. 3743.Google Scholar
Imrie, B. C. (1986). Selection indices for yield estimation in grain legumes. In Plant Breeding Symposium (Eds Williams, T. A. & Wratt, G. S.), pp. 5557. Agronomy Society of New Zealand Special Publication No. 5, Lincoln, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Jacquiery, R. & Keller, E. R. (1978). Beeinflussung des Fruchtansatzes bei der Ackerbohne (Vicia faba L.) durch die Verteilung der Assimilate. Teil I. Agnew Botanik 52, 261276.Google Scholar
Jain, H. K. (1986). Eighty years of post-Mendelian breeding for crop yield: nature of selection pressures and future potential. Indian Journal of Genetics 46, 3053.Google Scholar
Kambal, A. E. (1969). Flower drop and fruit set in field beans, Vicia faba L. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 72, 131138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keatinge, J. D. H. & Cooper, P. J. M. (1983). Kabuli chickpea as a winter-sown crop in northern Syria: moisture relations and crop productivity. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 100, 667680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kogbe, J. O. S. (1972). Factors influencing yield variation in field beans (Vicia faba L.). PhD thesis, University of Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Lawes, D. A. (1980). Recent developments in the understanding, improvement and use of Vicia faba. In Advances in Legume Science (Eds Summerfield, R. J. & Bunting, A. H.), pp. 625636. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Lawn, R. J. (1989). Agronomic and physiological constraints to the productivity of tropical grain legumes and prospects for improvement. Experimental Agriculture 25, 509528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawn, R. J. & Brun, A. (1974). Symbiotic nitrogen fixation. I. Effect of photosynthetic source-sink manipulation, Crop Science 14, 1116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahon, J. D. (1983). Energy relationships. In Nitrogen Fixation. Volume 3: Legumes (Ed. Broughton, W. J.), pp. 299325. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
NaLampang, A., Pichitporn, S., Sirlsingh, S. & Vanakijmongkoi, N. (1988). Mungbean growth pattern in relation to yield. In Second International Symposium on Mungbean (Eds Shanmugasundaram, S. & McLean, B. T.), pp. 164168. Taiwan: Asian Vegetable Research and Development Centre.Google Scholar
Patriquin, D. G., Burton, D. & Hill, N. (1980). Strategies for achieving self-sufficiency in nitrogen on a mixed farm in eastern Canada based on use of the faba bean. In Genetic Engineering of Symbiotic N2 Fixation and Conservation of Fixed Nitrogen (Eds Lyons, J. M., Valentine, R. C., Phillips, D. A., Rains, D. W. & Huffaker, R. C.), pp. 651671. New York: Basic Life Science Volume 17, Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Penman, H. L. (1962). Woburn irrigation, 1951–1959. III. Results for rotation crops. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 58, 365379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pilbeam, C. J., Hebblethwaite, P. D. & Clark, A. S. (1989). Effect of different inter-row spacings on faba beans of different form. Field Crops Research 21, 203214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saxena, M. C. (1982). Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rainfed faba beans in northern Syria. FABIS 4, 2425.Google Scholar
Saxena, M. C., Silim, S. N. & Murinda, M. V. (1986). Build-up and partitioning of dry matter and yield of faba bean genotypes of differing plant type. In Vicia faba, Cultivation, Breeding and Nitrogen Fixation (Eds Ebmeyer, E. & Robbelen, G.), pp. 5566. Gottingen: Konrad Pachnicke.Google Scholar
Saxena, M. C., Silim, S. N. & Singh, K. B. (1990). Effect of supplementary irrigation during reproductive growth on winter and spring chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in a Mediterranean environment. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 114, 285293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Senaratne, R. & Hardarson, G. (1988). Estimation of residual N effect of faba bean and pea on two succeeding cereals using 15N methodology. Plant and Soil 110, 8189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silim, S. N. & Saxena, M. C. (1988). Comparison of dry matter accumulation, partitioning and yield in determinate and indeterminate faba beans (Vicia faba L.). Paper presented at an International Congress of Plant Physiology, New Delhi, India, 15–20 02, 1988.Google Scholar
Silim, S. N. & Saxena, M. C. (1989). Winter sowing chickpea – case study. Paper presented at an International Workshop on Soil and Crop Management for Improved Water Use Efficiency, Ankara, Turkey, 15–19 05, 1989.Google Scholar
Silim, S. N. & Saxena, M. C. (1992). Comparative performance of some faba bean (Vicia faba) cultivars of contrasting plant types. 2. Growth and development in relation to yield. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 118, 333342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Streeter, J. G. (1974). Growth of two soyabean shoots on a single root. Journal of Experimental Botany 25, 189196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, R. & Taylor, H. (1977). Yield components and cultivar, sowing date and density in field beans (Vicia faba). Annals of Applied Biology 86, 313320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar