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‘Which is the American?’: Themes, Techniques, and Meaning in William Carlos Williams's Three Novels

  • John C. Davies (a1)
Extract

In 1928 Ezra Pound described William Carlos Williams as an ‘observant foreigner’ who ‘starts where an European would start if an European were about to write of America: sic: America is a subject of interest, one must inspect it, analyse it, and treat it as subject.’ If Pound was right, Williams was a native-born outsider, a life-long resident alien giving America the serious attention of his life's work. The detachment and close attention noted by Pound as originating in Williams's sense of his own ‘foreignness’ (a sense which Williams obliquely admitted by his insertion of a relevant letter of Pound in the ‘Prologue’ to Kora in Hell), are constants in Williams's work. Both the Imagist and Objectivist phases of his career show his determination to capture in words ‘the local fully realized’ – Williams's definition of ‘the classic’. In his trilogy of novels, his exploration of ‘the local’, ‘the only thing that is universal’ is shown both in theme and technique.

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1 ‘Dr Williams' Position’, Literary Essays of Ezra Pound, ed. Eliot, T. S. (London: Faber, 1954). Pp. 391–2

2 Williams, William Carlos, Imaginations, ed. Schott, Webster (London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1970), pp. 1112. (Kora in Hell: Improvisations was originally published in 1920.)

3 The Selected Essays of William Carlos Williams (New York: New Directions, 1969), p. 132.

4 Essays, p. 132.

5 The Letters of Ezra Pound 1907–1941, ed. Paige, D. D. (London: Faber, 1951), p. 223.

6 Higham, John, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism 1860–1925 (2nd ed., New York: Atheneum, 1968), pp. 207–12.

7 Williams, William Carlos, White Mule (London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1965), p. 241. All references in the text are to this edition.

8 Williams, William Carlos, In the Money (London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1966), p. 10. All references in the text are to this edition.

9 Williams, William Carlos, I Wanted to Write a Poem: the Autobiography of the Works of a Poet, reported and edited by Heal, Edith (London: Cape, 1967), p. 77.

10 Williams, William Carlos, Paterson Books I–V (London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1964), pp. 20–1.

11 The Cantos of Ezra Pound (London: Faber, 1960), Canto XLV, p. 239.

12 Whitaker, Thomas R., William Carlos Williams (New York: Twayne, 1968), p. 110.

13 Williams, William Carlos, The Build-Up (London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1969), p. 335. All references in the text are to this edition.

14 Poirier, Richard, A World Elsewhere: The Place of Style in American Literature (London: Chatto and Windus, 1967), p. 17.

15 I Wanted to Write a Poem, p. 70.

16 Imaginations, p. 158.

17 In the American Grain: Essays by William Carlos Williams (London: MacGibbon and Kee, 1966), p. 226.

18 Essays, p. 132.

19 Imaginations, p. 140.

20 A World Elsewhere, pp. 12–15.

21 William Carlos Williams, p. 107.

22 Essays, p. 303.

23 Donoghue, Denis, ‘For a Redeeming Language’, William Carlos Williams: a Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Miller, J. Hillis (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1966), p. 129.

24 James, Henry, The American Scene, 1907 (New York: Horizon Press, 1967), p. 124.

26 Literary Essays, p. 390.

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Journal of American Studies
  • ISSN: 0021-8758
  • EISSN: 1469-5154
  • URL: /core/journals/journal-of-american-studies
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