Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-t5pn6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T11:36:37.269Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Anthropometric variations in different BMI and adiposity levels among children, adolescents and young adults in Kolkata, India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2018

Łukasz Kryst ,
Magdalena Żegleń ,
Iwona Wronka ,
Agnieszka Woronkowicz ,
Inez Bilińska-Pawlak ,
Rituparna Das ,
Rana Saha ,
Sukanta Das  and
Parasmani Dasgupta
Łukasz Kryst*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education Kraków, Poland
Magdalena Żegleń
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education Kraków, Poland
Iwona Wronka
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
Agnieszka Woronkowicz
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education Kraków, Poland
Inez Bilińska-Pawlak
Affiliation:
Faculty of Public Health, Mieszko I College of Education and Administration, Poznań, Poland
Rituparna Das
Affiliation:
Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
Rana Saha
Affiliation:
Dinabandhu Mahavidyalaya, Bongaon, West Bengal, India
Sukanta Das
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, North Bengal University, West Bengal, India
Parasmani Dasgupta
Affiliation:
Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
*
*Corresponding author. Email: lkryst@poczta.onet.pl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The objective of the study was to analyse selected anthropometric features of children, adolescents and young adults from middle-class families in Kolkata, India, by BMI and adiposity categories. Standardized anthropometric measurements of 4194 individuals (1999 male and 2195 female) aged 7–21 were carried out between the years 2005 and 2011. The results were compared by BMI and adiposity categories. Statistical significance was assessed using two-way-ANOVA and linear regression analysis was performed. The study population could be differentiated in terms of BMI and adiposity categories for all examined anthropometric characteristics (p ≤ 0.001). After taking age into consideration, differences were observed for males in the case of body height and humerus breadth in BMI and adiposity categories, and for femur breadth in the case of adiposity categories. For females, differences were noted in body height measurements in BMI and adiposity categories, a sum of skinfold thicknesses in BMI categories, and upper-arm and calf circumferences in adiposity categories. The patterns of differences in the BMI categories were found to be similar to those in adiposity categories. The linear regression analysis results showed that there was a significant relationship between BMI and body fat ratio in the examined population. Underweight individuals, and those with low adiposity, were characterized by lower extremity circumferences and skeletal breadths. These features reached highest values in overweight/obese persons, characterized by high body fat. However, the differences observed between each BMI and adiposity category, in most cases, were only present in early childhood.

Keywords

BMIOverweightUnderweight
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 51 , Issue 4 , July 2019 , pp. 603 - 618
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press, 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Almeida, SM, Furtado, JM, Mascarenhas, P, Ferraz, ME, Silva, LR, Ferreira, JC et al. (2016) Anthropometric predictors of body fat in a large population of 9-year-old school-aged children. Obesity Science & Practice 2(3), 272–281.Google Scholar
Arora, M, Shinde, S and Patwardhan, R (2017) Prevalence of overweight or obesity in adolescent school children from Pune, India. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 3(3).Google Scholar
Bamji, MS (2003) Early nutrition and health – Indian perspective. Current Science 85(8), 1137–1142.Google Scholar
Bisai, S, Bose, K and Ghosh, A (2008) Nutritional status of Lodha children in a village of Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal. Indian Journal of Public Health 52(4), 203–206.Google Scholar
Brambilla, P, Bedogni, G, Heo, M and Pietrobelli, A (2013) Waist circumference-to-height ratio predicts adiposity better than body mass index in children and adolescents. International Journal of Obesity 37(7), 943–946.Google Scholar
Bray, GA, DeLany, JP, Volaufova, J, Harsha, DW and Champagne, C (2002) Prediction of body fat in 12-y-old African American and white children: evaluation of methods. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 76(5), 980–990.Google Scholar
Chaput, JP, Katzmarzyk, PT, Barnes, JD, Fogelholm, M, Hu, G, Kuriyan, R et al. (2017) Mid-upper arm circumference as a screening tool for identifying children with obesity: a 12-country study. Pediatric Obesity 12(6), 439–445.Google Scholar
Chaturvedi, S, Kapil, U, Gnanasekaran, N, Sachdev, HP, Pandey, RM and Bhanti, T (1996) Nutrient intake amongst adolescent girls belonging to poor socioeconomic group of rural area of Rajasthan. Indian Pediatrics 33(3), 197–201.Google Scholar
Das, R, Das, S, Datta Banik, S, Saha, R, Chakraborty, A and Dasgupta, P (2016) Secular trends in physical growth and maturation in 7 to 21 year-old Bengali boys and girls from Kolkata, India, over six decades of time interval. International Journal of Anthropology 31(3–4), 185–226.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, A, Butt, A, Saha, TK, Basu, G, Chattopadhyay, A and Mukherjee, A (2010) Assessment of malnutrition among adolescents: can BMI be replaced by MUAC. Indian Journal of Community Medicine 35(2), 276–279.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, P, Nube, M, Sengupta, D and de Onis, M (2015) Academic Report of the Project “Physical Growth, Body Composition and Nutritional Status of Bengali School aged Children, Adolescents and Young Adults of Calcutta, India: Effects of Socioeconomic Factors on Secular Trends. ID 158, Kolkata. URL: http://www.neys-vanhoogstraten.nl/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Academic-Report-ID-158.pdf.Google Scholar
De Leonibus, C, Marcovecchio, ML, Chiavaroli, V, de Giorgis, T, Chiarelli, F and Mohn, A (2014) Timing of puberty and physical growth in obese children: a longitudinal study in boys and girls. Pediatric Obesity 9(4), 292–299.Google Scholar
Demerath, EW, Schubert, CM, Maynard, LM, Sun, SS, Chumlea, WC, Pickoff, A et al. (2006) Do changes in body mass index percentile reflect changes in body composition in children? Data from the Fels longitudinal study. Pediatrics 117(3), e487–e495.Google Scholar
Donahue, SW and Galley, SA (2006) Microdamage in bone: implications for fracture, repair, remodeling, and adaptation. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 34(3), 215–271.Google Scholar
Ducher, G, Bass, SL, Naughton, GA, Eser, P, Telford, RD and Daly, RM (2009) Overweight children have a greater proportion of fat mass relative to muscle mass in the upper limbs than in the lower limbs: implications for bone strength at the distal forearm. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 90(4), 1104–1111.Google Scholar
Freedman, DS and Sherry, B (2009) The validity of BMI as an indicator of body fatness and risk among children. Pediatrics 124 (Supplement 1), S23–S34.Google Scholar
Freedman, DS, Thornton, JC, Mei, Z, Wang, J, Dietz, WH, Pierson, RN and Horlick, M (2004) Height and adiposity among children. Obesity Research 12(5), 846–853.Google Scholar
Freedman, DS, Wang, J, Maynard, LM, Thornton, JC, Mei, Z, Pierson, RN et al. (2005) Relation of BMI to fat and fat-free mass among children and adolescents. International Journal of Obesity 29(1), 1–8.Google Scholar
Frost, HM (2003) Bone’s mechanostat: a 2003 update. The Anatomical Record 275A(2), 1081–1101.Google Scholar
Gamit, SS, Moitra, M and Verma, R (2015) Prevalence of obesity and overweight in school going adolescents of Surat city, Gujarat, India. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 4(1), 42–47.Google Scholar
Gavriilidou, NN, Pihlsgård, M and Elmståhl, S (2015) Anthropometric reference data for elderly Swedes and its disease-related pattern. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69(9), 1066–1075.Google Scholar
Ghonge, S, Patel, HS, Nagar, SK and Thakor, N (2015) Prevalence of hypertension and its association with obesity among school children of Pune city, Maharashtra, India: a cross sectional study. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 33(12), 3739–3742.Google Scholar
Godfrey, DA, Umapathy, P, Latha Ravichandran, ES and Shilpa Senthil, Murugan SV (2016) Association of bone age with overweight and obesity in children in the age group of 8 to 11 years. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 33(3), 788–794.Google Scholar
Hajare, ST, Deoke, AR and Saoji, PA (2016) Life style profile of high school students and its association with Body Mass Index in Nagpur city, central India. Indian Journal of Community Health 28(3), 248–253.Google Scholar
Holmgren, A, Niklasson, A, Nierop, AFM, Gelander, L, Aronson, AS, Sjöberg, A et al. (2017) Pubertal height gain is inversely related to peak BMI in childhood. Pediatric Research 81(3), 448–454.Google Scholar
Hussain, M, Tenglikar, P and Nigudgi, S (2016) Physical activity and its association with body mass index among 10–15 years school children in Kalaburagi city, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health 3(8), 2264–2269.Google Scholar
International Biological Programme (1969) Human Biology. A Guide to Field Methods. Blackwell Scientific Publications, UK.Google Scholar
Jaiswal, M, Bansal, R and Agarwal, A (2017) Role of mid-upper arm circumference for determining overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 11(8), SC05–SC08.Google Scholar
Javed, A, Jumean, M, Murad, MH, Okorodudu, D, Kumar, S, Somers, VK et al. (2015) Diagnostic performance of body mass index to identify obesity as defined by body adiposity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatric Obesity 10(3), 234–244.Google Scholar
Jayawardena, R, Ranasinghe, P, Wijayabandara, M, Hills, AP and Misra, A (2017) Nutrition transition and obesity among teenagers and young adults in South Asia. Current Diabetes Reviews 13(5), 444–451.Google Scholar
Júnior, CASA, da Coqueiro, RS, Carneiro, JAO, Pereira, R, Barbosa, AR, de Magalhães, ACM et al. (2016) Anthropometric indicators in hypertriglyceridemia discrimination: application as screening tools in older adults. Journal of Nursing Measurement 24(2), 215–225.Google Scholar
Kakinami, L, Henderson, M, Chiolero, A, Cole, TJ and Paradis, G (2014) Identifying the best body mass index metric to assess adiposity change in children. Archives of Disease in Childhood 99(11), 1020–1024.Google Scholar
Katzmarzyk, PT, Barreira, TV, Broyles, ST, Champagne, CM, Chaput, JP, Fogelhom, M et al. (2015) Physical activity, sedentary time, and obesity in an international sample of children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47(10), 2062–2069.Google Scholar
Khadilkar, V, Yadav, S, Agrawal, KK, Tamboli, S, Banerjee, M, Cherian, A et al. (2015) Revised IAP growth charts for height, weight and body mass index for 5- to 18-year-old Indian children. Indian Pediatrics 52(1), 47–55.Google Scholar
Lear, SA, Humphries, KH, Kohli, S, Chockalingam, A, Frohlich, JJ and Birmingham, CL (2007) Visceral adipose tissue accumulation differs according to ethnic background: results of the Multicultural Community Health Assessment Trial (M-CHAT). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86(2), 353–359.Google Scholar
Lear, SA, Kohli, S, Bondy, GP, Tchernof, A and Sniderman, AD (2009) Ethnic variation in fat and lean body mass and the association with insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 94(12), 4696–4702.Google Scholar
Lindsay, RS, Hanson, RL, Roumain, J, Ravussin, E, Knowler, WC and Tataranni, PA (2001) Body Mass Index as a measure of adiposity in children and adolescents: relationship to adiposity by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and to cardiovascular risk factors. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 86(9), 4061–4067.Google Scholar
Marcovecchio, ML and Chiarelli, F (2013) Obesity and growth during childhood and puberty. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics 106, 135–141.Google Scholar
Martin-Calvo, N, Moreno-Galarraga, L and Martinez-Gonzalez, M (2016) Association between body mass index, waist-to-height ratio and adiposity in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 8(8), 512.Google Scholar
Martin, R and Saller, K (1957) Lehrbuch der Anthropologie. Fisher, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Marwaha, RK, Tandon, N, Singh, Y, Aggarwal, R, Grewal, K and Mani, K (2006) A study of growth parameters and prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children from Delhi. Indian Pediatrics 43(11), 943–952.Google Scholar
Mast, M, Langnäse, K, Labitzke, K, Bruse, U, Preuss, U and Müller, MJ (2002) Use of BMI as a measure of overweight and obesity in a field study on 5–7 year old children. European Journal of Nutrition 41(2), 61–67.Google Scholar
Mazıcıoğlu, MM, Hatipoğlu, N, Oztürk, A, Ciçek, B, Ustünbaş, HB and Kurtoğlu, S (2010) Waist circumference and mid-upper arm circumference in evaluation of obesity in children aged between 6 and 17 years. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology 2(4), 144–150.Google Scholar
Mei, Z, Grummer-Strawn, LM, Wang, J, Thornton, JC, Freedman, DS, Pierson, RN et al. (2007) Do skinfold measurements provide additional information to body mass index in the assessment of body fatness among children and adolescents? Pediatrics 119(6), e1306–e1313.Google Scholar
Nandy, S, Irving, M, Gordon, D, Subramanian, SV and Smith, GD (2005) Poverty, child undernutrition and morbidity: new evidence from India. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 83(3).Google Scholar
Parkinson, KN, Drewett, RF, Jones, AR, Dale, A, Pearce, MS, Wright, CM and Adamson, A.J (2011) When do mothers think their child is overweight? International Journal of Obesity 35(4), 510–516.Google Scholar
Prentice, AM and Jebb, SA (2001) Beyond body mass index. Obesity Reviews 2(3), 141–147.Google Scholar
Prokopowicz, Z, Matusik, P, Szymczyk, K, Dziurok, A, Cogiel, E, Francuz, L et al. (2014) Obesity in childhood and precocious puberty. Diagnostic difficulties. Appetite 76, 212.Google Scholar
Ramachandran, A, Snehalatha, C, Kapur, A, Vijay, V, Mohan, V, Das, AK et al. (2001) High prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in India: National Urban Diabetes Survey. Diabetologia 44(9), 1094–1101.Google Scholar
Ramachandran, A, Snehalatha, C, Vinitha, R, Thayyil, M, Kumar, CKS, Sheeba, L et al. (2002) Prevalence of overweight in urban Indian adolescent school children. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 57(3), 185–190.Google Scholar
Reddy, KS (1993) Cardiovascular diseases in India. World Health Statistics Quarterly. Rapport Trimestriel de Statistiques Sanitaires Mondiales 46(2), 101–107.Google Scholar
Sharma, A, Sharma, K and Mathur, K (2007) Growth pattern and prevalence of obesity in affluent schoolchildren of Delhi. Public Health Nutrition 10(5), 485–491.Google Scholar
UNICEF, WHO and the World Bank Group (2017) Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition. Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Edition. UNICEF and WHO. URL: http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/estimates2016/en/Google Scholar
Wetzsteon, RJ, Petit, MA, Macdonald, HM, Hughes, JM, Beck, TJ and McKay, HA (2008) Bone structure and volumetric BMD in overweight children: a longitudinal study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 23(12), 1946–1953.Google Scholar
WHO (2014) WHO BMI-for-Age. URL: http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/bmi_for_age/en/ (accessed 12th May 2018).Google Scholar
Yadav, N, Yadav, S, Gautam, N, Manohar, RK, Yadav, R and Gupta, R (2015) Relation between changing lifestyle and adolescent obesity in India: a community based study among school children. International Multispecialty Journal of Health 1(10), 15–22.Google Scholar
Yajnik, CS (2004) Early life origins of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in India and other Asian countries. Journal of Nutrition 134(1), 205–210.Google Scholar
Zheng, W, Suzuki, K, Sato, M, Yokomichi, H, Shinohara, R and Yamagata, Z (2014) Adolescent growth in overweight and non-overweight children in japan: a multilevel analysis. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 28(3), 263–269.Google Scholar