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Associations of maternal glucose markers in pregnancy with cord blood glucocorticoids and child hair cortisol levels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 July 2022

Nathan Cohen ,
Sabrina Faleschini ,
Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman ,
Luigi Bouchard ,
Myriam Doyon ,
Olivier Simard ,
Melina Arguin ,
Guy Fink ,
Amy C. Alman  and
Russell Kirby
...Show all authors
Nathan Cohen
Affiliation:
College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Sabrina Faleschini
Affiliation:
Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
Affiliation:
Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
Luigi Bouchard
Affiliation:
Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada Clinical Department of Laboratory medicine, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) du Saguenay–Lac-St-Jean – Hôpital Universitaire de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Quebec, Canada
Myriam Doyon
Affiliation:
Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Olivier Simard
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Melina Arguin
Affiliation:
Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Guy Fink
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Biology, University Health and Social Service Center of the Estrie, Fleurimont, Quebec, Canada
Amy C. Alman
Affiliation:
College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Russell Kirby
Affiliation:
College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Henian Chen
Affiliation:
College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Ronee Wilson
Affiliation:
College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Kimberly Fryer
Affiliation:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Patrice Perron
Affiliation:
Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
Emily Oken
Affiliation:
Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
Marie-France Hivert*
Affiliation:
Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA Massachusetts General Hospital, Diabetes Unit, Boston, MA, USA
*
Address for correspondence: Marie-France Hivert, Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA. Email: mhivert@partners.org
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Abstract

Exposure to maternal hyperglycemia in utero has been associated with adverse metabolic outcomes in offspring. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between maternal hyperglycemia and offspring cortisol levels. We assessed associations of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with cortisol biomarkers in two longitudinal prebirth cohorts: Project Viva included 928 mother–child pairs and Gen3G included 313 mother–child pairs. In Project Viva, GDM was diagnosed in N = 48 (5.2%) women using a two-step procedure (50 g glucose challenge test, if abnormal followed by 100 g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]), and in N = 29 (9.3%) women participating in Gen3G using one-step 75 g OGTT. In Project Viva, we measured cord blood glucocorticoids and child hair cortisol levels during mid-childhood (mean (SD) age: 7.8 (0.8) years) and early adolescence (mean (SD) age: 13.2 (0.9) years). In Gen3G, we measured hair cortisol at 5.4 (0.3) years. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations of GDM with offspring cortisol, adjusting for child age and sex, maternal prepregnancy body mass index, education, and socioeconomic status. We additionally adjusted for child race/ethnicity in the cord blood analyses. In both Project Viva and Gen3G, we observed null associations of GDM and maternal glucose markers in pregnancy with cortisol biomarkers in cord blood at birth (β = 16.6 nmol/L, 95% CI −60.7, 94.0 in Project Viva) and in hair samples during childhood (β = −0.56 pg/mg, 95% CI −1.16, 0.04 in Project Viva; β = 0.09 pg/mg, 95% CI −0.38, 0.57 in Gen3G). Our findings do not support the hypothesis that maternal hyperglycemia is related to hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity.

Keywords

Cortisolgestational diabetescord blood
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , February 2023 , pp. 88 - 95
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

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