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Cardiovascular diseases in grandparents and the risk of congenital heart diseases in grandchildren

  • K. P. J. Wijnands (a1), S. A. Obermann-Borst (a1), E. J. G. Sijbrands (a2), M. F. Wildhagen (a1) (a3), W. A. Helbing (a4) and R. P. M. Steegers-Theunissen (a1) (a5)...
Abstract

Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia are associated with both adult cardiovascular disease (CVD) and having a child with a congenital heart disease (CHD). We investigated associations between CVD in grandparents and the risk of CHD in grandchildren. In a case–control family study, we obtained detailed questionnaire information on CVD and CHD in 247 families with a CHD child and 203 families without a CHD child. Grandparents with CVD or intermittent claudication (IC) were significantly associated with an increased risk for CHD in grandchildren [OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.03–1.89) and OR 2.77 (95% CI 1.02–7.56), respectively]. The risk of CHD grandchildren was particularly increased in paternal grandfathers with CVD [OR 1.85 (95% CI 1.01–3.37)]. Overall, having a grandparent with CVD increased the risk for CHD in the grandchild by 1.65 (95% CI 1.12–2.41). After adjustment for potential maternal confounders, this risk was 1.44 (95% CI 0.94–2.21). Having two or more grandparents with CVD was associated with an approximately threefold risk for CHD grandchildren [OR adjusted 2.72 (95% CI 1.08–6.89)]. Our data suggest that CVD and IC in grandparents are associated with an increased risk of having a CHD grandchild. These first findings may be explained by shared causality of derangements in metabolic pathways and are in line with the fetal origins of health and disease.

Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2014 
Corresponding author
*Address for correspondence: Dr Régine P. M. Steegers-Theunissen, Professor in Periconception Epidemiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. (Email r.steegers@erasmusmc.nl)
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Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
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  • EISSN: 2040-1752
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