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Agenda for Early Modern Economic History

  • Harry A. Miskimin (a1)
Extract

It is graceless, perhaps, to begin by quarrelling with the program committee in my initial remarks, but I must plead that the assignment itself—to propose an agenda for early modern economic history—provides a mandate for such seemingly uncouth behavior. The controversial issue, of course, is the periodization of economic history into the traditional Middle Ages (pre-1500) and the Early Modern Period (post-1500). The division has never been sharp in political or intellectual history, but it is even less meaningful in economic history—there is no single, dramatic, economic event, no ninety-five theses, to establish a break—and the intellectual consequences of the division at 1500 have often been pernicious. When specialists of the early modern period assert nascent capitalism, medievalists point to thirteenth century Italy. When early modernists lay their claims to discovery and colonization, medievalists point first to the early eastern Mediterranean colonies of the Italian city-states and then to the Atlantic explorations of Spain and Portugal, begun in the fourteenth century. If rapid early modern economic growth is the issue, the medievalist will again cry foul and recall that growth was, at least in part, merely the inevitable recovery from the economic collapse of the later middle ages.

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1 Rich, E. E. and Wilson, C. H., editors, The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, IV (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967). Mauro, F., Le XVIe siècle européen: aspects économique (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1970). Heers, J., L'Occident aux xive et xve siècles: aspects économique et sociaux (Paris: Presses Universitaries de France, 1963).

2 Lopez, R. S., Miskimin, H. A., and Udovitch, A., “England to Egypt, 1300–1500: Long-term Trends and Long-distance Trade,” Studies in the Economic History of the Middle East, Cook, M. A., editor (London: Oxford University Press, 1970).

3 Oller, J. Nadal, “La Revoluciòn de los Precios Españoles en el Siglo XVI,” Hispania, XIX (1959), pp. 503–29.

4 Elliot, J. H., Imperial Spain, 1469–1716 (New York: New American Library, Inc., 1966).

5 Braudel, F. P., and Spooner, F. C., “Prices in Europe, 1450–1750,” Cambridge Economic History of Europe, IV, pp. 442–46.

6 Spooner, F. C., L'Economie mondiale et les frappes monétaires en France, 1493–1680 (Paris: A. Colin, 1956).

7 SirCraig, John, The Mint: A History of the London Mint from A.D. 287–1948 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953).

8 Godinho, V. M., Les Finances de l'état portugais des Indes Orientales au xvie et debut du xviie siècle (Paris, 1959). Unpublished thesis cited in F. Mauro, Le XVIe siècle.

9 Hauser, H., editor, La Response de Jean Bodin à M. de Malestroit: 1568 (Paris: A. Colin, 1932).

10 Miskimin, H. A., Money, Prices, and Foreign Exchange in Fourteenth Century France (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963).

11 Helleiner, K. F., “The Population of Europe from the Black Death to the Eve of the Vital Revolution,” Cambridge Economic History, IV, pp. 196.

12 I am aware of the lively debate concerning arbitrage in the later middle ages, but it is my view that the balance of commerce, including war, diplomacy, and ecclesiastical transfers was far more significant than monetary speculation.

13 Phelps-Brown, E. H. and Hopkins, S., “Seven Centuries of Building Wages,” Economica, 1955, pp. 195206. Idem, “Seven Centuries of the Prices of Consumables Compared with Builders' Wage Rates,” Economica, 1956, pp. 296–314. Idem, “Wage Rates and Prices: Evidence for Population Pressure in the Sixteenth Century,” Economica, 1957, pp. 289–306.

14 Felix, D., “Profit Inflation and Industrial Growth: The Historic Record and Contemporary Analogies,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1956, pp. 441–63.

15 Brenner, Y. S., “The Inflation of Prices in Early Sixteenth Century England,” Economic History Review, 2nd ser, XIV, 1961, pp. 225–39. Idem, “The Inflation of Prices in England, 1551–1650,” Economic History Review, 2nd ser., XV, 1962, pp. 266–84.

16 Miskimin, H. A., The Economy of Early Renaissance Europe, 1300–1460 (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1969).

17 Brenner, “The Inflation of Prices in Early Sixteenth Century England,” p. 239.

18 Brenner, “The Inflation of Prices in England, 1551–1650,” p. 273.

19 Böhm-Bawerk, E. V., The Positive Theory of Capital, (New York, 1923).

20 Hicks, J. R., “Mr. Keynes and the Classics: A Suggested Interpretation,” Econometrica, 1937, pp. 147–59.

For a general discussion of the entire theory see also: Hansen, A., Monetary Theory and Fiscal Policy (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1949).

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The Journal of Economic History
  • ISSN: 0022-0507
  • EISSN: 1471-6372
  • URL: /core/journals/journal-of-economic-history
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