Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T08:14:33.077Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Marginal Effect of New Deal Relief Work on County-Level Unemployment Statistics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2009

Robert K. Fleck
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Economics, Montana State Universit Bozeman, MT 59717.

Abstract

This article uses 1937 and 1940 Census data to estimate the effect that hiring an additional relief worker in a county had on unemployment statistics for that county. The fundamental estimation problem arises because one cannot easily control for economic conditions that influenced both the number of individuals holding relief jobs and the number counted as jobless.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, Gary M., and Tollison, Robert D.. “Congressional Influence and Patterns of New Deal Spending.” Journal of Law&Economics 34, no. 1 (1991): 161–75.Google Scholar
Arrington, L. J.The New Deal in the West: A Preliminaiy Statistical Inquiry.” Pacfic Historical Review 38, no. 3 (1969): 311–16.Google Scholar
Brady, David W.Critical Elections and Congressional Policy Making. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Clubb, Jerome M., Flanigan, William H., and Zingale, Nancy H.. “Electoral Data for Counties in the United States: Presidential and Congressional Races, 1840–1972.” Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) data file #8611, Fall 1986.Google Scholar
Darby, Michael R.Three-and-a-Half Million U.S. Employees Have Been Mislaid; Or, and Explanation of Unemployment, 1934–1941.” Journal of Political Economy 84, no. 1 (1976): 116.Google Scholar
Dighe, Ranjit S.Wage Rigidity in the Great Depression: Truth? Consequences?Research in Economic History 17 (1997): 85134.Google Scholar
Federal Works Agency. Final Report on the WPA Program, 1935–43. Washington, DC: GPO, 1947.Google Scholar
Finegan, T. Aldrich, and Margo, Robert A.. “Work Relief and the Labor Force Participation of Married Women in 1940.” this JOURNAL 54, no. 1 (1994): 6484.Google Scholar
Fleck, Robert K.Electoral Incentives, Public Policy, and the New Deal Realignment.” Southern Economic Journal 65, no. 3 (1999): 377404.Google Scholar
Fleck, Robert K. “The Value of the Vote: A Model and Test of the Effects of Turnout on Distributive Policy.” Economic Inquiry, forthcoming, 1999.Google Scholar
Greene, William H.Econometric Analysis. 3rd. ed.Paramus, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997.Google Scholar
Hausman, J. A. “Specification and Estimation of Simultaneous Equations Models.” In Handbook of Econometrics, edited by Griliches, Z. and Intrilligator, M., 392448. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1983.Google Scholar
Heard, Alexander, and Strong, Donald S.. Southern Primaries and Elections, 1920–1949. University: University of Alabama Press, 1950.Google Scholar
Howard, D. S.The WPA and Federal Relief Policy. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1943.Google Scholar
Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR). Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790–1970, data tape.Google Scholar
Jensen, Richard J.The Causes and Cures of Unemployment in the Great Depression.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 19, no. 4 (1989): 553–83.Google Scholar
Keech, William R.The Impact of Negro Voting. Chicago: Rand McNally&Company, 1968.Google Scholar
Kesselman, Jonathan R, and Savin, N. E.. “Three-and-a-Half Million Workers Never Were Lost.” Economic Inquiry 16, no. 2 (1978): 205–25.Google Scholar
Key, V. O. JrThe Administration of Federal Grants to States. Crawfordsville, IN: R. R. Donnelley&Sons Company, 1937.Google Scholar
Key, V. O. JrSouthern Politics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1950.Google Scholar
Kousser, J. Morgan. The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffiage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880–1910. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1974.Google Scholar
Levitt, Steven D.Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime.” American Economic Review 87, no. 3 (1997): 270–90.Google Scholar
MacMahon, A. W., Millett, J. D., and Ogden, G.. The Administration of Federal Work Relief. Chicago: Public Administration Service, 1941.Google Scholar
Margo, Robert A. “Interwar Unemployment in the United States: Evidence from the 1940 Census Sample.” In Interwar Unemployment in International Perspective, edited by Eichengreen, B. and Hatton, T. J., 325–52.Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.Google Scholar
Margo, Robert A.The Microeconomics of Depression Unemployment.” this JOURNAL 51, no. 2 (1991): 333–41.Google Scholar
Margo, Robert A., “Employment and Unemployment in the 1930s.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, no. 2 (1993): 4159.Google Scholar
Patterson, James T.Congressional Conservatism and the New Deal. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1967.Google Scholar
Petersen, S.A Statistical History of the American Presidential Elections. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1963.Google Scholar
Reading, D.New Deal Activity and the States, 1933 to 1939.” this JOURNAL 33, no. 4 (1973): 792810.Google Scholar
Sundstrom, William A.Last Hired, First Fired? Unemployment and Urban Black Workers During the Great Depression.” this JOURNAL 51, no. 2 (1992): 415–29.Google Scholar
Sundstrom, William A. “Did the WPA Displace Private Employment? Evidence from the 1940 Census Microsample.” Manuscript, Santa Clara University, 07 1995.Google Scholar
United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Census of Partial Employment, Unemployment, and Occupations. Final Report on Total and Partial Unemployment. Washington, DC: GPO, 1938.Google Scholar
United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census Sixteenth Census of the UnitedStates: 1940, Population. Washington, DC: GPO, 1943.Google Scholar
Wallis, John J.The Birth of the Old Federalism: Financing the New Deal.” this JOURNAL 44, no. 1 (1984): 139–69.Google Scholar
Wallis, John J.Employment, Politics, and Economic Recovery in the Great Depression.” Review of Economics and Statistics 69, no. 3 (1987): 516–20.Google Scholar
Wallis, John J.The Political Economy of New Deal Fiscal Federalism.” Economic Inquiry 29, no.3 (1991): 510–24.Google Scholar
Wallis, John J., and Benjamin, Daniel K.. “Public Relief and Private Employment in the Great Depression.” this JOURNAL 41, no. 1 (1981): 97102.Google Scholar
Wallis, John J., and Benjamin, Daniel K.. “Private Employment and Public Relief During the Great Depression.” Photocopy, Department of Economics, University of Maryland, 07 1989.Google Scholar
Wallis, John J., and Benjamin, Daniel K.. “Did FDR rolong the Great Depression?” Photocopy, Department of Economics, Clemson University, undated.Google Scholar
Wright, Gavin. “The Political Economy of New Deal Spending: An Econometric Analysis.” Review of Economics and Statistics 56, no. 1 (1974): 3038.Google Scholar