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Segregation in dense sheared flows: gravity, temperature gradients, and stress partitioning

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2014

K. M. Hill  and
Danielle S. Tan Open the ORCID record for Danielle S. Tan [Opens in a new window]
K. M. Hill*
Affiliation:
St Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 2 Third Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Danielle S. Tan
Affiliation:
St Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, 2 Third Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: kmhill@umn.edu
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Abstract

It is well-known that in a dense, gravity-driven flow, large particles typically rise to the top relative to smaller equal-density particles. In dense flows, this has historically been attributed to gravity alone. However, recently kinetic stress gradients have been shown to segregate large particles to regions with higher granular temperature, in contrast to sparse energetic granular mixtures where the large particles segregate to regions with lower granular temperature. We present a segregation theory for dense gravity-driven granular flows that explicitly accounts for the effects of both gravity and kinetic stress gradients involving a separate partitioning of contact and kinetic stresses among the mixture constituents. We use discrete-element-method (DEM) simulations of different-sized particles in a rotated drum to validate the model and determine diffusion, drag, and stress partition coefficients. The model and simulations together indicate, surprisingly, that gravity-driven kinetic sieving is not active in these flows. Rather, a gradient in kinetic stress is the key segregation driving mechanism, while gravity plays primarily an implicit role through the kinetic stress gradients. Finally, we demonstrate that this framework captures the experimentally observed segregation reversal of larger particles downward in particle mixtures where the larger particles are sufficiently denser than their smaller counterparts.

JFM classification

Granular media: Granular media Mixing: Mixing Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows

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Type
Papers
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Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 756 , 10 October 2014 , pp. 54 - 88
Copyright
© 2014 Cambridge University Press 

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Footnotes

‡

Present address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Dr. 1, Singapore 117575, Republic of Singapore.

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