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Epidemiology and diversity of gastrointestinal tract helminths of wild ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa: a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2024

V. Phetla Open the ORCID record for V. Phetla [Opens in a new window] ,
M. Chaisi  and
M.P. Malatji
V. Phetla*
Affiliation:
Foundational Biodiversity Science, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
M. Chaisi
Affiliation:
Foundational Biodiversity Science, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria 0001, South Africa Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
M.P. Malatji
Affiliation:
School of Life Science, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
*
Corresponding author: V. Phetla; Email: V.Phetla@sanbi.org.za
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Abstract

This review summarises studies on distribution, diversity, and prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections in wild ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. The results showed that 109 gastrointestinal tract (GIT) helminth species or species complexes were recorded in 10 sub-Saharan African countries. South Africa reported the highest number of species because most studies were carried out in this country. Eighty-eight nematode species or species complexes were recorded from 30 wild ruminant species across eight countries. The genus Trichostrongylus recorded the highest number of species and utilised the highest number of wild ruminant species, and along with Haemonchus spp., was the most widely distributed geographically. Fifteen trematode species or species complexes were reported from seven countries. The genus Paramphistomum recorded the highest number of species, and Calicophoron calicophoron was the most commonly occurring species in sub-Saharan African countries and infected the highest number of hosts. Six cestode species or species complexes from one family were documented from 14 wild hosts in seven countries. Moniezia spp. were the most commonly distributed in terms of host range and geographically. Impala were infected by the highest number of nematodes, whilst Nyala were infected by the highest number of trematode species. Greater kudu and Impala harbored the largest number of cestodes. The prevalence amongst the three GIT helminths taxa ranged between 1.4% and 100% for nematodes, 0.8% and 100% for trematodes, and 1.4% and 50% for cestodes. There is still limited information on the distribution and diversity of GIT helminths in wild ruminants in most sub-Saharan African countries.

Keywords

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)helminthsdistributionprevalencesub-Saharan Africa

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Type
Review Article
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 98 , 2024 , e45
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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