1Balcerzak, J, Gornicka, B, Karchier, E. What should we know about uvula doing uvulopalatoplasty [in Polish]. Otolaryngol Pol 2006;60:879–82, PMID: 17357666
2Back, GW, Nadig, S, Uppal, S, Coatesworth, AP. Why do we have a uvula?: literature review and a new theory. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2004;29:689–93
3Hunter, L. Uvulectomy – the making of a ritual. S Afr Med J 1995;85:901–2
4Ijaduola, GT. Uvulectomy in Nigeria. J Laryngol Otol 2004;95:1127–33
5Hörmann, K, Verse, T. Surgery for Sleep Disordered Breathing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2010;39–128
6Lowe, KR. Severe anemia following uvulectomy in Kenya. Mil Med 2004;169:712
7Beverley, D, Henderson, C. A cross-sectional survey of the growth and nutrition of the Bedouin of the South Sinai Peninsula. Ann Trop Paediatr 2003;23:209–14
8Miles, SH, Ololo, H. Traditional surgeons in sub-Saharan Africa: images from south Sudan. Int J STD AIDS 2003;14:505–8
9Asefa, M, Hewison, J, Drewett, R. Traditional nutritional and surgical practices and their effects on the growth of infants in south-west Ethiopia. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1998;12:182–98
10Hodes, R. Cross-cultural medicine and diverse health beliefs. Ethiopians abroad. West J Med 1997;166:29–36
11Zamir, C, Zamir, D, Rishpon, D. Traditional practices among children of Ethiopian immigrants in Israel. Ambulatory Child Health 1999;5:351–6
12Prual, A, Gamatie, Y, Djakounda, M, Huguet, D. Traditional uvulectomy in Niger: a public health problem? Soc Sci Med 1994;39:1077–82
13Einterz, EM, Einterz, RM, Bates, ME. Traditional uvulectomy in northern Cameroon. Lancet 1994;343:1644
14Hartley, BE, Rowe-Jones, J. Uvulectomy to prevent throat infections. J Laryngol Otol 1994;108:65–6
15Eregie, CO. Uvulectomy as an epidemiological factor in neonatal tetanus mortality: observations from a cluster survey. West Afr J Med 1994;13:56–8, PMID: 8080834
16Abdullah, MA. Traditional practices and other socio-cultural factors affecting the health of children in Saudi Arabia. Ann Trop Paediatr 1993;13:227–32
17Alabi, EM. Cultural practices in Nigeria. Newsl Inter Afr Comm Tradit Pract Affect Health Women Child 1990;9:6–7, PMID: 12157983
18Dagnew, MB, Damena, M. Traditional child health practices in communities in north-west Ethiopia. Trop Doct 1990;20:40–1
19Schneider, P, Shewangizaw, E, Tayé, E, Gebrehiwot, T, Worku, S, Oppermann, J et al. Traditional medicine in Ethiopia in childhood diseases [in German]. Kinderarztl Prax 1989;57:393–9, PMID: 2796127
20Barakat, AY, Itani, U, Zaytoun, GM. Cultural “iatrogenic” cleft palate. Pediatrics 1986;78:511
22Ijaduola, TG. Acute otalgia in Nigerian children. Trop Geogr Med 1985;37:343–4, PMID: 4095773
23Manni, JJ. Uvulectomy, a traditional surgical procedure in Tanzania. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1984;78:49–53
24Wind, J. Cross-cultural and anthropobiological reflections on African uvulectomy. Lancet 1984;ii:1267–8
25Nathan, H, Hershkovitz, I, Arensburg, B, Kobyliansky, Y, Goldschmidt-Nathan, M. Mutilation of the Uvula among Bedouins of the South Sinai. Isr J Med Sci 1982;18:774–8
26Johnston, NL, Riordan, PJ. Tooth follicle extirpation and uvulectomy. Aust Dent J 2005;50:267–72
27Nalin, DR. Death of child submitted to uvulectomy for diarrhoea. Lancet 1985;i:643
28Manni, JJ. Uvulectomy: a surgical procedure within the traditional medicine of Tanzania [in Dutch]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1982;126:1678–81
29Fleischer, NK. A study of traditional practices and early childhood anaemia northern Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1975;69:198–200, PMID: 1166490
30Coatesworth, AP, Addis, RJ, Beverley, DW. Ear nose and throat diseases in the Bedouin of the South Sinai Desert: a cross-sectional survey and discussion of healthcare needs. J Laryngol Otol 2002;116:83–6
31Einterz, EM. Family planning and tradition: a view from northern Cameroon. World Health Forum 1994;15:378–81
32Bourrel, P. Problems related to African customs and ritual mutilations [in French]. Contracept Fertil Sex (Paris) 1983;11:1351–8
33Wan, DC, Kumar, A, Head, CS, Katchikian, H, Bradley, JP. Amelioration of acquired nasopharyngeal stenosis, with bilateral Z-pharyngoplasty. Ann Plast Surg 2010;64:747–50
34Friedman, M, Duggal, P, Joseph, NJ. Revision uvulopalatoplasty by Z-palatoplasty. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007;136:638–43
35Friedman, M, Ibrahim, HZ, Vidyasagar, R, Pomeranz, J, Joseph, NJ. Z-palatoplasty (ZPP): a technique for patients without tonsils. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;131:89–100
36Krespi, YP, Kacker, A. Management of nasopharyngeal stenosis after uvulopalatoplasty. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;123:692–5
37Lehmann, WB, Pope, TH Jr, Hudson, WR. Nasopharyngeal stenosis. Laryngoscope 1968;78:371–85
38Baptista, P, Carlos, GV, Salvinelli, F, Ponz-Sarvise, M, Casale, M. Acquired nasopharyngeal stenosis: surgical treatment for this unusual complication after chemoradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007;137:959–61
39Jones, LM, Guillory, VL, Mair, EA. Total nasopharyngeal stenosis: treatment with laser excision, nasopharyngeal obturators, and topical mitomycin-c. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;133:795–8
40Hörmann, K, Verse, T. Surgery for Sleep Disordered Breathing. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2010;6
41Osujih, M. Exploration of the frontiers of tradomedical practices: basis for development of alternative medical healthcare services in developing countries. J R Soc Health 1993;113:190–4, PMID: 11827577