Skip to main content
×
×
Home

Assessing Grounding Frequency using Ship Traffic and Waterway Complexity

  • Arsham Mazaheri (a1), Jakub Montewka (a1), Pentti Kotilainen (a1), Otto-Ville Edvard Sormunen (a1) and Pentti Kujala (a1)...
Abstract

Ship traffic is the factor that presents in almost all of the existing grounding risk models. It is considered to be one of the main factors affecting the expected frequency of ship groundings. This is mostly accepted by experts as common sense. However, there is no research available on the actual dependency between ship traffic and grounding accidents. In this paper, we conduct a study aimed at determining the statistical dependency between the density and distribution of traffic, the number and frequency of grounding accidents and the dependency between the complexity of waterways and an actual accident. For this purpose we utilise statistical analysis of maritime traffic, obtained from Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and grounding accidents, enhanced with the expert elicitation techniques delivering the waterway complexity index. The sea area under investigation is the Gulf of Finland. The results show statistical dependency between frequency of grounding and waterway complexity as well as the traffic distribution. However, the study does not reveal any significant dependency between grounding and traffic density.

  • View HTML
    • Send article to Kindle

      To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about sending to your Kindle.

      Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

      Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

      Assessing Grounding Frequency using Ship Traffic and Waterway Complexity
      Available formats
      ×
      Send article to Dropbox

      To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Dropbox.

      Assessing Grounding Frequency using Ship Traffic and Waterway Complexity
      Available formats
      ×
      Send article to Google Drive

      To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Google Drive.

      Assessing Grounding Frequency using Ship Traffic and Waterway Complexity
      Available formats
      ×
Copyright
Corresponding author
(E-mail: arsham.mazaheri@aalto.fi)
References
Hide All
Akhtar, M.J. and Utne, I.B. (2014). Human Fatigue's Effect on The Risk of Maritime Groundings – A Bayesian Network Modeling Approach. Safety Science, 62, 427440.
Amrozowicz, M.D., Brown, A. and Golay, M. (1997). A Probabilistic Analysis of Tanker Groundings. 7th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. Honolulu, Hawaii.
Briggs, M.J., Borgman, L.E. and Bratteland, E. (2003). Probability Assessment for Deep-Draft Navigation Channel Design. Coastal Engineering, 48, 2950.
Brown, A. and Haugene, B. (1998). Assessing the Impact of Management and Organizational Factors on the Risk of Tanker Grounding. 8th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference.
Fowler, T.G. and Sørgård, E. (2000). Modelling Ship Transportation Risk. Risk Analysis, 20, 225244.
Fujii, Y., Oshima, R., Yamanouchi, H. and Mizuki, N. (1974). Some Factors Affecting The Frequency Of Accidents In Marine Traffic: I- The Diameter Of Evasion For Crossing Encounters, II- The Probability Of Stranding, III- The Effect Of Darkness On The Probability Of Collision And Stranding. The Journal of Navigation, 27, 239247.
Goerlandt, F. and Kujala, P. (2011). Traffic Simulation Based Ship Collision Probability Modeling. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 96, 91107.
Goerlandt, F. and Kujala, P. (2014). On the reliability and validity of ship–ship collision risk analysis in light of different perspectives on risk. Safety Science, 62, 348365.
Goerlandt, F., Montewka, J., Kujala, P. (2014). Tools for an Extended Risk Assessment for Ropax Ship-Ship Collision. Vulnerability, Uncertainty, and Risk, 22922302, doi: 10.1061/9780784413609.230.
Hänninen, M., Mazaheri, A., Kujala, P., Montewka, J., Laaksonen, P., Salmiovirta, M., Klang, M. (2014). Expert elicitation of a navigation service implementation effects on ship groundings and collision in the Gulf of Finland. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O, Journal of Risk and Reliability, 228, 1928.
Hänninen, M., Valdez Banda, O., Kujala, P. (2014a). Bayesian network model of maritime safety management. Expert Systems with Applications, DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2014.06.029.
HELCOM. (2011). Report On Shipping Accidents In The Baltic Sea Area During 2011. Helsinki Commission, Baltic Marine Environment, Protection Commission.
Jebsen, J.J. and Papakonstantinou, V. C. (1997). Evaluation of The Physical Risk Of Ship Grounding; Department of Ocean Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Kite-Powell, H.L., Jin, D., Jebsen, J., Papakonstantinou, V. and Patrikalakis, N. (1999). Investigation of Potential Risk Factors for Groundings of Commercial Vessels in U.S. Ports. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 9, 1621.
Kujala, P., Hänninen, M., Arola, T. and Ylitalo, J. (2009). Analysis of the Marine Traffic Safety in The Gulf of Finland. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 94, 13491357.
Kuronen, J., Helminen, R., Lehikoinen, A. and Tapaninen, U. (2008). Maritime Transportation in the Gulf of Finland in 2007 and in 2015. University of Turku.
Lehman, A. (2005). JMP for Basic Univariate and Multivariate Statistics : A Step-by-Step Guide, Cary, NC, USA, SAS Press.
Lin, S.-C. (1999). Physical Risk Analysis of Ship Grounding. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Martins, M.R. and Maturana, M.C. (2010). Human Error Contribution in Collision and Grounding of Oil Tankers. Risk Analysis, 30, 674698.
Mazaheri, A., Montewka, J. and Kujala, P. (2013). Modelling the Risk of Ship Grounding – A Literature Review from a Risk Management Perspective. Published Online In Wmu Journal Of Maritime Affairs; doi: 10.1007/S13437-013-0056-3.
Mazaheri, A. and Ylitalo, J. (2010). Comments on Geometrical Modeling of Ship Grounding. 5th International Conference on Collision and Grounding of Ships (ICCGS). Espoo, Finland.
Montewka, J., Hinz, T., Kujala, P. and Matusiak, J. (2010). Probability Modelling of Vessel Collisions. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 95, 573589.
Montewka, J., Krata, P., Goerlandt, F., Mazaheri, A. and Kujala, P. (2011). Marine Traffic Risk Modelling – An Innovative Approach and a Case Study. Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O, Journal of Risk and Reliability, 225, 307322.
Montewka, J., Goerlandt, F., Kujala, P. (2014). On a systematic perspective on risk for formal safety assessment (FSA). Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 127, 7785.
Montewka, J., Ehlers, S., Goerlandt, F., Hinz, T., Tabri, K., Kujala, P. (2014a). A framework for risk assessment for maritime transportation systems—A case study for open sea collisions involving RoPax vessels. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 124, 142157.
MSC. (2003). Mandatory Ship Reporting Systems, SN/Circ.225. In IMO.
MSC. (2006). Mandatory Ship Reporting Systems, SN.1/Circ.258. In IMO.
O'hagan, A., Buck, C.E., Daneshkhah, A., Eiser, J.R., Garthwaite, P.H., Jenkinson, D.J., Oakley, J.E. and Rakow, T. (2006). Uncertain Judgements: Eliciting Experts' Probabilities, New York, John Wiley & Sons.
Otto, S., Pedersen, P.T., Samuelides, M. and Sames, P.C. (2002). Elements Of Risk Analysis For Collision And Grounding of a Ro-Ro Passenger Ferry. Marine Structures, 15, 461474.
Pedersen, P.T. (1995). Collision and Grounding Mechanics. Proceedings of WEMT ‘95’. Copenhagen, Denmark, The Danish Society of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering.
Peng, H., Long, F. and Ding, C. (2005). Feature Selection Based on Mutual Information: Criteria of Max-Dependency, Max-Relevance, and Min-Redundancy. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 27, 12261238.
Praetorius, G. (2012). Safety within the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) Domain – Understanding the Role of The VTS for Safety within Maritime Traffic Management, Licentiate Thesis, Department of Shipping and Marine Technology. Gothenburg, Chalmers University of Technology.
Quy, N.M., Vrijling, J.K., Gelder, P.H.A.J.M.V. and Groenveld, R. (2006). On the Assessment of Ship Grounding Risk in Restricted Channels. The 8th International Conference on Marine Sciences and Technologies – Black Sea Conference. Varna, Bulgaria.
Robson, C. (2008). How to do a Research Project, Singapore, Blackwell Publishing.
Samuelides, M.S., Ventikos, N.P. and Gemelos, I.C. (2009). Survey on Grounding Incidents: Statistical Analysis and Risk Assessment. Ships and Offshore Structures, 4, 5568.
Sonninen, S., Nuutinen, M. and Rosqvist, T. (2008). Development Process of The Gulf of Finland Mandatory Ship Reporting System, 614, VTT.
Sormunen, O-V.E., Goerlandt, F., Häkkinen, J., Posti, A., Hänninen, M., Montewka, J., Stahlberg, K., Kujala, P. (2014). Uncertainty in maritime risk analysis: Extended case study on chemical tanker collisions. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment doi: 10.1177/1475090213515640.
Steuer, R., Kurths, J., Daub, C.O., Weise, J. and Selbig, J. (2002). The Mutual Information: Detecting and Evaluating Dependencies Between Variables. Bioinformatics, 18, 231240.
Theil, H. (1970). On the estimation of relationships involving qualitative variables. American Journal of Sociology, 76, 103154.
van Dorp, J.R. and Merrick, J.R.W. (2009). On a Risk Management Analysis of Oil Spill Risk Using Maritime Transportation System Simulation. Annals of Operations Research, 129.
Recommend this journal

Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection.

The Journal of Navigation
  • ISSN: 0373-4633
  • EISSN: 1469-7785
  • URL: /core/journals/journal-of-navigation
Please enter your name
Please enter a valid email address
Who would you like to send this to? *
×

Keywords:

Metrics

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 14
Total number of PDF views: 231 *
Loading metrics...

Abstract views

Total abstract views: 308 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between September 2016 - 13th June 2018. This data will be updated every 24 hours.