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A fourteen-faced hexangulaconulariid from the early Cambrian (Stage 2) Yanjiahe Formation, South China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2019

Junfeng Guo ,
Jian Han Open the ORCID record for Jian Han [Opens in a new window] ,
Heyo Van Iten ,
Xing Wang ,
Yaqin Qiang ,
Zuchen Song ,
Wenzhe Wang ,
Zhifei Zhang  and
Guoxiang Li
Junfeng Guo
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science and Land Resources, Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, P.R. China , <2695489023@qq.com>, <757542074@qq.com>, <512718116@qq.com>
Jian Han*
Affiliation:
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, P.R. China , <799179701@qq.com>,
Heyo Van Iten
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Hanover College, Hanover, IN 47243, USA and Department of Invertebrate Paleontology, Cincinnati Museum Center, 1301 Western Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45203, USA
Xing Wang
Affiliation:
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, P.R. China , <799179701@qq.com>,
Yaqin Qiang
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science and Land Resources, Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, P.R. China , <2695489023@qq.com>, <757542074@qq.com>, <512718116@qq.com>
Zuchen Song
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science and Land Resources, Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, P.R. China , <2695489023@qq.com>, <757542074@qq.com>, <512718116@qq.com>
Wenzhe Wang
Affiliation:
School of Earth Science and Land Resources, Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, P.R. China , <2695489023@qq.com>, <757542074@qq.com>, <512718116@qq.com>
Zhifei Zhang
Affiliation:
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, P.R. China , <799179701@qq.com>,
Guoxiang Li
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
*
*Corresponding author.
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Abstract

Extant medusozoans (phylum Cnidaria) are dominated by forms showing tetraradial symmetry, but stem-group medusozoans of early Cambrian age collectively exhibit tetra-, bi-, penta-, and hexaradial symmetry. Moreover, the developmental and evolutionary relationships between four-fold and other types of radial symmetry in medusozoans remain poorly understood. Here we describe a new hexangulaconulariid, Septuconularia yanjiaheensis new genus new species, from Bed 5 of the Yanjiahe Formation (Cambrian Stage 2) in the Three Gorges area of Hupei Province, China. The laterally compressed, biradially symmetrical periderm of this species possesses 14 gently tapered faces, the most of any hexangulaconulariid described thus far. The faces are bordered by longitudinal ridges and crossed by short, irregularly spaced transverse ribs. Longitudinally, the periderm consists of three regions that probably correspond, respectively, to an embryonic stage, a transient juvenile stage, and a long adult stage. Septuconularia yanjiaheensis may have been derived from six-faced Hexaconularia (Fortunian Stage), which is morphologically intermediate between Septuconularia yanjiaheensis and Arthrochites. Furthermore, conulariids sensu stricto, carinachitids, and hexangulaconulariids may constitute a monophyletic group united by possession of an organic or organophosphatic periderm exhibiting longitudinal (corner) sulci, a facial midline, and offset of transverse ribs along the facial midline.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/01a972aa-aef3-4eef-a9a5-c2d8c3dda615

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 94 , Issue 1 , January 2020 , pp. 45 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © 2019, The Paleontological Society 

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