Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-r7xzm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T12:50:06.679Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A new millipede (Diplopoda, Helminthomorpha) from the Middle Triassic Luoping biota of Yunnan, Southwest China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2018

Jinyuan Huang
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China 〈hjinyuan@cgs.cn〉, 〈yxzqy@sina.com〉, 〈hushixue@hotmail.com〉, 〈zhcy79@163.com〉, 〈wenwen2020240@163.com〉, 〈xt1982cd@163.com〉 Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
Joseph T. Hannibal
Affiliation:
Cleveland Museum of Natural History, 1 Wade Oval Drive, Cleveland, OH 44106-1767, U.S.A., 〈jhannibal@cmnh.org〉
Rodney M. Feldmann
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, U.S.A., 〈rfeldman@kent.edu〉
Qiyue Zhang
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China 〈hjinyuan@cgs.cn〉, 〈yxzqy@sina.com〉, 〈hushixue@hotmail.com〉, 〈zhcy79@163.com〉, 〈wenwen2020240@163.com〉, 〈xt1982cd@163.com〉
Shixue Hu
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China 〈hjinyuan@cgs.cn〉, 〈yxzqy@sina.com〉, 〈hushixue@hotmail.com〉, 〈zhcy79@163.com〉, 〈wenwen2020240@163.com〉, 〈xt1982cd@163.com〉
Carrie E. Schweitzer
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Kent State University at Stark, 6000 Frank Avenue NW, North Canton, Ohio 44720, U.S.A., 〈cschweit@kent.edu〉
Michael J. Benton
Affiliation:
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK, 〈mike.benton@bristol.ac.uk〉
Changyong Zhou
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China 〈hjinyuan@cgs.cn〉, 〈yxzqy@sina.com〉, 〈hushixue@hotmail.com〉, 〈zhcy79@163.com〉, 〈wenwen2020240@163.com〉, 〈xt1982cd@163.com〉
Wen Wen
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China 〈hjinyuan@cgs.cn〉, 〈yxzqy@sina.com〉, 〈hushixue@hotmail.com〉, 〈zhcy79@163.com〉, 〈wenwen2020240@163.com〉, 〈xt1982cd@163.com〉
Tao Xie
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China 〈hjinyuan@cgs.cn〉, 〈yxzqy@sina.com〉, 〈hushixue@hotmail.com〉, 〈zhcy79@163.com〉, 〈wenwen2020240@163.com〉, 〈xt1982cd@163.com〉

Abstract

A new helminthomorph millipede, Sinosoma luopingense new genus new species, from the Triassic Luoping biota of China, has 39 body segments, metazonites with lateral swellings that bear a pair of posterolateral pits (?insertion pits for spine bases), and sternites that are unfused to the pleurotergites. This millipede shares a number of characters with nematophoran diplopods, but lacks the prominent dorsal suture characteristic of that order. Other “millipede” material from the biota is more problematic. Millipedes are a rare part of the Luoping biota, which is composed mainly of marine and near-shore organisms. Occurrences of fossil millipedes are exceedingly rare in Triassic rocks worldwide, comprising specimens from Europe, Asia, and Africa, and consisting of juliform millipedes and millipedes that are either nematophorans or forms very similar to nematophorans.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 2018, The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdala, F., Cisneros, J.C., and Smith, R.M.H., 2006, Faunal aggregation in the Early Triassic Karoo Basin: earliest evidence of shelter-sharing behavior among tetrapods: Palaios, v. 21, p. 507–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baird, G.C., 1997, Fossil distribution and fossil associations, in Shabica, C.W., and Hay, A.A., eds., Richardson’s Guide to the Fossil Fauna of Mazon Creek: Chicago, Northeastern Illinois University, p. 2126.Google Scholar
Baird, G.C., and Anderson, J.L., 1997, Relative abundance of different Mazon Creek organisms, in Shabica, C.W., and Hay, A.A., eds., Richardson’s Guide to the Fossil Fauna of Mazon Creek: Chicago, Northeastern Illinois University, p. 2729.Google Scholar
Baird, G.C., Shabica, C.W., Anderson, J.L., and RichardsonE.S., Jr. E.S., Jr., 1985, Biota of a Pennsylvanian muddy coast: habitats within the Mazonian delta complex, northeast Illinois: Journal of Paleontology, v. 59, p. 253281.Google Scholar
Brölemann, H.W., 1902, Myriapodes de Musée de Sao Paulo: Revista do Musai Paulista, v. 5, p. 35237.Google Scholar
Carlson, A.C., 2007, A new polyzoniid milliped (Diplopoda) fossil from Myanmar: description, taphonomy and evoutionary significance: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, p. 15.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T.D.A., 1917, Arthropods in Burmese amber: Psyche, v. 24, p. 4045.Google Scholar
Cook, O.F., 1895, Introductory note on the families of diplopods, in Cook, O.F., and Collins, G.N., The Craspedosomatidae of North America: Annals of the New York Academy of Science, v. 9, p. 19.Google Scholar
Duy-Jacquemin, M.N., and Azar, D., 2004, The oldest records of Polyxenida (Myriapoda, Diplopoda): new discoveries from the Cretaceous ambers of Lebanon and France: Geodiversitas, v. 26, p. 631641.Google Scholar
Dzik, J., 1975, Spiroboloid millipedes from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia: Palaeontologia Polonica, v. 33, p. 1724.Google Scholar
Dzik, J., 1981, An Early Triassic millipede from Siberia and its evolutionary significance: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, v. 1981, p. 395404.Google Scholar
Edgecombe, G.D., 2015, Diplopoda—fossils, in Minelli, A., ed., The Myriapoda; Treatise on Zoology—Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology, v. 2: Leiden, Brill, p. 337351.Google Scholar
Enghoff, H., 2015, Diplopoda—geographical distribution, in Minelli, A., ed., The Myriapoda; Treatise on Zoology—Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology, v. 2: Leiden, Brill, p. 329336.Google Scholar
Enos, P., Lehrmann, D.J., Wei, J., Yu, Y., Xiao, J., Chaikin, D.H., Minzoni, M., Berry, A.K., and Miontgomery, P., 2006, Triassic evolution of the Yangtze platform in Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 417, 105 p.Google Scholar
Fritsch, A., 1910, Miscellanea palaeontologica, v. 2, Mesozoica: Prague, Selbstverlag in Commision bei Fr. Řivnáč, 25 p.Google Scholar
Gervais, P., 1844, Études pour servir à l’histoire des Myriapodes: Thèse de Zoologie: Paris, Bourgogne et Martinet, 36 p.Google Scholar
Golovatch, S., 2015, Cave Diplopoda of southern China with reference to millipede diversity in Southeast Asia: ZooKeys, v. 510, p. 7994.Google Scholar
Grimaldi, D.A., Engel, M.S., and Nascimbene, P.C., 2002, Fossiliferous Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma): its rediscovery, biotic diversity, and paleontological significance: American Museum Novitates, v. 3361, p. 172.Google Scholar
Groenewald, G.H., and Kitching, J.W., 1995, Biostratigraphy of the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone, in Rubidge, B.S., ed., Biostratigraphy of the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup), SACS Biostratigraphic Series 1, Pretoria. Council for Geoscience, p. 3339.Google Scholar
Hannibal, J.T., 1997, Myriapods and arthropleurids, in Shabica C.W., and Hay A.A., eds., Richardson’s Guide to the Fossil Fauna of Mazon Creek: Chicago, Northeastern Illinois University, p. 172183.Google Scholar
Hannibal, J.T, 2000, Hexecontasoma, a new helminthomorph millipede (Hexecontasomatidae n. fam.) from the Mazon Creek, Illinois, fauna (Carboniferous, North America), in Wytwer, J., and Golovatch, S., eds., Progress in Studies on Myriapoda and Onychophora. Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Myriapodology: Fragmenta Faunistica, v. 43 (Supplement), p. 1935.Google Scholar
Hannibal, J.T., 2001, On the identity of Archiulus? glomeratus Scudder, 1890, a supposed milliped (Diplopoda: Xyloiulidae) from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois: Kirtlandia, v. 52, p. 17.Google Scholar
Hannibal, J.T., and Krzemiński, W., 2005, A palaeosomatid millipede (Archipolypoda: Palaeosomatida) from the Carboniferous (Namurian A) of Silesia, Poland: Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, v. 74, p. 205217.Google Scholar
Heer, O., 1874, Die Kreide-Flora der arctischen Zone: Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, v. 12, no. 6, 138 p.Google Scholar
Hoffman, R.L., 1969, Myriapoda, exclusive of Insecta, in Moore, R.C., ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Arthropoda, Part R, v. 2: Boulder, CO and Lawrence, KS, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, p. R572R606.Google Scholar
Hu, S., Zhang, Q., Chen, Z., Zhou, C., Lu, T., Xie, T., Wen, W., Huang, J., and Benton, M.J., 2011, The Luoping biota: exceptional preservation, and new evidence on the Triassic recovery from end-Permian mass extinction: Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B, v. 278, p. 22742282.Google Scholar
Huang, D.Y., 2015, Yanliao biota and Yanshan Movement: Acta Palaeontological Sinica, v. 54, p. 501546.Google Scholar
Huang, D.Y., 2016, The Daohugou Biota: Shanghai, Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 336 p.Google Scholar
Huang, J., Zhang, K., Zhang, Q., Lu, T., Zhou, C., and Bai, J., 2009, Conodonts stratigraphy and sedimentary environment of the Middle Triassic at Daaozi section of Luoping County, Yunnan Province, south China: Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, v. 26, p. 211224.Google Scholar
Jell, P.A., 1983, An Early Jurassic millipede from the Evergreen Formation in Queensland: Alcheringa, v. 7, p. 195199.Google Scholar
Kitching, J.W., 1977, The distribution of the Karroo vertebrate fauna: Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, Memoir, v. 1, 131 p.Google Scholar
Lawrence, R.F., 1984, Centipedes and Millipedes of Southern Africa: Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, 148 p.Google Scholar
Lerner, A.J, Lucas, S.G., and Spielmann, J.A., 2007, Invertebrate ichnoassemblage from the Triassic Moenkopi Group in north-central Utah, in Lucas, S.G., and Spielmann, J.A., eds., Triassic of the American West: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. no. 40, p. 203207.Google Scholar
Liu, W., Rühr, P.T., and Wesener., T., 2017, A look with µ CT technology into a treasure trove of fossils: the first two fossils of the millipede order Siphoniulida discovered in Cretaceous Burmese amber (Myriapoda, Diplopoda): Cretaceous Research, v. 74, p. 100108.Google Scholar
MacRae, C., 1999, Life Etched in Stone: Fossils of South Africa: Johannesburg, Geological Society of South Africa, 305 p.Google Scholar
Martynov, A.V., 1936, O niekotorych novych predstavitieliach členistonogich životnych iz Kucnieckovo basseina: Izvestia Akademia Nauk S.S.S.R, v. 6, p. 12511260.Google Scholar
McKee, E.D., 1946, Onyx marble in northern Arizona: Plateau, v. 19, p. 912.Google Scholar
Mickelson, D.L., Huntoon, J.E., and Kvale, E.P., 2006, The diversity and stratigraphic distribution of pre-dinosaurian communities from the Triassic Moenkopi Formation: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v. 34, p. 132137.Google Scholar
Minelli, A., 2015, Treatise on Zoology—Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda 2: Leiden, Boston, Brill, 482 p.Google Scholar
Mullerried, F.K.G., 1942, El primer miriápodo fósil de México, encontrado en el Estado de Pueblo: Anales Instituto Biologia Mexico, p. 711717.Google Scholar
Pocock, R.I., 1887, On the classification of the Diplopoda: The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, v. 20, p. 283295.Google Scholar
Poyato-Ariza, F.J., and Buscalioni, A.D., eds., 2016, Las Hoyas: A Cretaceous Wetland: Munich, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 262 p.Google Scholar
Rasnitsyn, A.P., and Golovatch, S.I., 2004, The identity of Phryssonotus burmiticus (Cockerell, 1917) (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Synxenidae) in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar: Journal of Systematic Paleontology, v. 2, p. 153157.Google Scholar
Reisz, R.R., and Laurin, M., 1991, Owenetta and the origin of turtles: Nature, v. 349, p. 324326.Google Scholar
Reisz, R.R., and Scott, D., 2002, Owenetta kitchingorum, sp. nov., a small parareptile (Procolophonia: Owenettidae) from the Lower Triassic of South Africa: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 22, p. 244256.Google Scholar
Retallack, G.J., Smith, R.M.H., and Ward, P.D., 2003, Vertebrate extinction across Permian–Triassic boundary in Karoo Basin, South Africa: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 115, p. 11331152.Google Scholar
Schneider, J.W., and Werneburg, R., 1998, Arthropleura und Diplopoda (Arthropoda) aus dem Unter-Rotliegend (Unter-Perm, Assel) des Thüringer Waldes (Südwest-Saale-Senke): Veröffentlichungen des Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen, v. 13, p. 1936.Google Scholar
Scudder, S., 1886, Systematic review of our present knowledge of fossil insects including myriapods and arachnids: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 31, 128 p.Google Scholar
Selden, P.A., and Shear, W.A., 2016, Diplopoda, in Poyato-Ariza, F.J., and Buscalioni, A.D., eds., Las Hoyas: A Cretaceous Wetland: Munich, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, p. 6869.Google Scholar
Sharov, A.G., 1962, [Class Diplopoda], in Orlov, Y.A., ed., Osnovi Paleontologii, v. 9: Moscow, Academia Nauk SSSR, p. 2225. [in Russian]Google Scholar
Shear, W.A., 1977, The systematic position of the millipede family Apterouridae (Diplopoda, Chordeumida, Striarioidea) and a redescription of Apterourus horizontalis Loomis: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, v. 89, p. 689694.Google Scholar
Shear, W.A., and Edgecombe, G.D., 2010, The geological record and phylogeny of the Myriapoda: Arthropod Structure & Development, v. 39, p. 174190.Google Scholar
Shear, W.A., Selden, P.A., and Gall, J.-C., 2009, Millipedes from the Grès à Voltzia, Triassic of France, with comments on Mesozoic millipedes (Diplopoda: Helminthomorpha: Eugnatha): International Journal of Myriapodology, v. 2, p. 113.Google Scholar
Shelley, R.M., and Floyd, S.D., 2014, Expanded concept of the milliped family Spirobolidae (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidea): proposals of Aztecolini n. tribe and Floridobolinae/ini and Tylobolini n. stats.; (re)descriptions of Floridobolus and F. penneri, both Causey, 1957, and F. orini n. sp.; hypotheses on origins and affinities: Insecta Mundi paper 869, p. 150.Google Scholar
Shelley, R.M., and Golovach, D.I., 2011, Atlas of myriapod biogeography I. Indigenous ordinal and supra-ordinal distributions in the Diplopoda: perspectives on taxon origins and ages, and a hypothesis on the origin and early evolution of the class: Insecta Mundi paper 158, p. 1134.Google Scholar
Tatge, U., 1956a, Conodonten aus dem germanischen Muschelkalk I. Teil: Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 30, p. 108127.Google Scholar
Tatge, U., 1956b, Conodonten aus dem germanischen Muschelkalk II. Teil: Paläontologische Zeitschrift, v. 30, p. 129147.Google Scholar
Wilson, H.M., 2006, Juliformian millipedes from the Lower Devonian of Euramerica: implications for the timing of millipede cladogenesis in the Paleozoic: Journal of Paleontology, v. 80, p. 638649.Google Scholar
Wilson, H.M., and Anderson, L.I., 2004, Morphology and taxonomy of Paleozoic millipedes (Diplopoda: Chilognatha: Archipolypoda) from Scotland: Journal of Paleontology, v. 78, p. 169184.Google Scholar
Wilson, H.M., and Hannibal, J.T., 2005, Taxonomy and trunk-ring architecture of pleurojulid millipedes (Diplopoda: Chilognatha: Pleurojulida) from the Pennsylvanian of Europe and North America: Journal of Paleontology, v. 79, p. 11051119.Google Scholar
Xia, F.Y., Yang, G.D., Zhang, Q.Q., Shi, G.L., and Wang, B., 2015, Amber: Lives through Time and Space: Beijing, Science Press, 197 p.Google Scholar
Zhang, Q., Zhou, C., Lu, T., Xie, T., Lou, X., Liu, W., Sun, Y., Huang, J., and Zhao, L., 2009, A conodont-based Middle Triassic age assignment for the Luoping biota of Yunnan, China: Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, v. 52, p. 16731678.Google Scholar