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A new species of the asteroid genus Betelgeusia (Echinodermata) from methane seep settings, Late Cretaceous of South Dakota

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2018

Daniel B. Blake ,
William K. Halligan  and
Neal L. Larson
Daniel B. Blake
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, 3028 NHB, 1301 W. Green St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA 〈dblake@illinois.edu〉
William K. Halligan
Affiliation:
Northwest Paleontological Association, 1627 NW Viewmont Ct., Silverdale, Washington 98383, USA 〈bhalligan@wavecable.com〉
Neal L. Larson
Affiliation:
Larson Paleontology Unlimited, 12799 Wolframite Rd., Keystone, South Dakota 57751, USA 〈ammoniteguy@gmail.com〉
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Abstract

Betelgeusia brezinai new species (Radiasteridae, Paxillosida, Asteroidea) is described from diversely fossiliferous Upper Cretaceous methane seep deposits of South Dakota. Asteroids are rare at modern chemosynthetic settings, although a hydrothermal vent occurrence is known, and two possible fossil methane seep occurrences have been reported. The Radiasteridae is important to the interpretation of crown-group asteroid phylogeny. Two extant genera are assigned to the family: Radiaster is known from relatively few but geographically widely dispersed largely deeper-water settings, and Gephyreaster is uncommon over a range of depths in the North Pacific Ocean. Jurassic and Cretaceous radiasterids have been described from geographically widely separated localities. In morphological-based phylogenetic analyses, the Radiasteridae has been assigned to the order Paxillosida, and Gephyreaster is similarly placed in a molecular evaluation; Radiaster has not yet been treated in a molecular study. In molecular treatment, an approximately traditional Paxillosida is a sister taxon to a significant part of the traditional Valvatida. Comparative morphology of Mesozoic and extant asteroids enables a hypothesis for a stemward, Mesozoic paxillosidan.

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Articles
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 92 , Issue 2 , March 2018 , pp. 196 - 206
Copyright
Copyright © 2018, The Paleontological Society 

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