Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-8mjnm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-27T21:04:15.200Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A modern description of Crambionella stuhlmanni (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) from St Lucia Estuary, South Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2011

Simone Neethling
Affiliation:
Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
Alan Channing
Affiliation:
Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
Lisa-Ann Gershwin
Affiliation:
Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
Mark J. Gibbons*
Affiliation:
Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: M.J. Gibbons, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa email: mgibbons@uwc.ac.za

Abstract

A new record of Crambionella stuhlmanni is reported from the east coast of South Africa. The material is described using quantitative morphological data, and mitochondrial (CO1) and nuclear (ITS-1) sequence data. The species can be diagnosed by a combination of morphological features including the presence of conical projections on velar lappets, the absence of orbicular appendages among mouthlets and the short length of the terminal club on the oral arm. Mitochondrial sequence data unambiguously delineate C. stuhlmanni as a separate species from C. orsini, and phylogenetic analyses support its placement within the monophyletic genus, Crambionella.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, M.J., Gorley, R.N. and Clarke, K.R. (2008) PERMANOVA+ for PRIMER: guide to software and statistical methods. Plymouth Marine Laboratory: PRIMER-E Ltd.Google Scholar
Anonymous (2008) iSimangaliso Wetland Park Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. United Nations Environment Programme and World Conservation Monitoring Centre [available at: http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/iSimangaliso.pdf].Google Scholar
Billett, D.S.M., Bett, B.J., Jacobs, C.L., Rouse, I.P. and Wigham, B.D. (2006) Mass deposition of jellyfish in the deep Arabian Sea. Limnology and Oceanography 51, 20772083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolton, T.F. and Graham, W.M. (2004) Morphological variation among populations of an invasive jellyfish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 278, 125139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, R.H. (1991) Morphological difference between, and reproductive isolation of, two populations of the jellyfish Cyanea in Long Island South, USA. Hydrobiologia 216/217, 471477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chun, C. (1896) Beitrage zur Kenntniss ostafrikanischer Medusen und Siphonophoren nach den Sammlungen Dr. Stuhlmann's. Zum Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, Jahrgang 13, 119.Google Scholar
Clarke, K.R. (1993) Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology 18, 117143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, K.R. and Gorley, R.N. (2006) PRIMER v6: user manual/tutorial. Plymouth Marine Laboratory: PRIMER-E Ltd.Google Scholar
Clarke, K.R. and Warwick, R.M. (2001) Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation, 2nd edition. Plymouth Marine Laboratory: PRIMER-E Ltd.Google Scholar
Collins, A.G. (2002) Phylogeny of Medusozoa and the evolution of cnidarian life cycles. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 15, 418432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collins, A.G., Schuchert, P., Marques, A.C., Jankowski, T., Medina, M. and Schierwater, B. (2006) Medusozoan phylogeny and character evolution clarified by new large and small subunit rDNA data and an assessment of the utility of phylogenetic mixture models. Systematic Biology 55, 97115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cyrus, D.P., Vivier, L. and Jerling, H.L. (2010) Effect of hypersaline and low lake conditions on ecological functioning of St Lucia estuarine system, South Africa: an overview 2002–2008. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 86, 535542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daryanabard, R. and Dawson, M.N. (2008) Jellyfish blooms: Crambionella orsini (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) in the Gulf of Oman, Iran, 2002–2003. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, 477483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, M.N. (2003) Macro-morphological variation among cryptic species of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) and some implications for the systematics of medusae. Marine Biology 143, 369379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, M.N. (2004) Some implications of molecular phylogenetics for understanding biodiversity in jellyfishes, with emphasis on Scyphozoa. Hydrobiologia 531, 249260.Google Scholar
Dawson, M.N. (2005a) Morphological variation and systematics in the Scyphozoa: Mastigias (Rhizostomeae, Mastigiidae)—a golden unstandard? Hydrobiologia 537, 185206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, M.N. (2005b) Cyanea capillata is not a cosmopolitan jellyfish: morphological and molecular evidence for C. annaskala and C. rosea (Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae: Cyaneidae) in south-eastern Australia. Invertebrate Systematics 19, 361370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, M.N. (2005c) Morphologic and molecular redescription of Catostylus mosaicus conservativus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Catostylidae) from south-east Australia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, 723731.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, M.N. (2005d) Incipient speciation of Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae, Catostylidae), comparative phylogeography and biogeography in south-east Australia. Journal of Biogeography 32, 515533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, M.N. (2005e) Five new subspecies of Mastigias (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae: Mastigiidae) from marine lakes, Palau, Micronesia. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, 679694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, M.N. (2005f) Renaissance taxonomy: integrative evolutionary analyses in the classification of Scyphozoa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, 733739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, M.N. and Jacobs, D.K. (2001) Molecular evidence for cryptic species of Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa). Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole 200, 9296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, M.N., Martin, L.E. and Penland, L.K. (2001) Jellyfish swarm, tourists and the Christ-child. Hydrobiologia 451, 131144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emanuel, B.P., Bustamante, R.H., Branch, G.M., Eekhout, S. and Odendaal, F.J. (1992) A zoogeographic and functional approach to the selection of marine reserves on the west coast of South Africa. South African Journal of Marine Science 12, 341354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fielding, P.J., Forbes, A.T. and Demetriades, N.T. (1991) Chlorophyll concentrations and suspended particulate loads in St Lucia, a turbid estuary on the east coast of South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science 11, 491498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. and Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 3, 294299.Google ScholarPubMed
Gibbons, M.J., Abiahy, B.B., Angel, M., Assuncao, C.M.L., Bartsch, I., Best, P., Biseswar, R., Bouillon, J., Bradford-Grieve, J.M., Branch, W., Burreson, E., Cannon, L., Casanova, J-P., Channing, A., Child, C.A., Compagno, L., Cornelius, P.F.S., Dadon, J.R., David, J.H.M., Day, J., Della Croce, N., Emschermann, P., Erseus, C., Esnal, G., Gibson, R., Griffiths, C.L., Hayward, P.J., Heard, R., Heemstra, P., Herbert, D., Hessler, R., Higgins, R., Hiller, N., Hirano, Y.M., Kensley, B., Kilburn, R., Kornicker, L., Lambshead, J., Manning, R., Marshall, D., Mianzan, H., Monniot, C., Monniot, F., Newman, W., Nielsen, C., Patterson, G., Pugh, P., Roeleveld, M., Ross, A., Ryan, P., Ryland, J.S., Samaai, T., Schleyer, M., Schockaert, E., Seapy, R., Shiel, R., Sluys, R., Southward, E.C., Sulaiman, A., Thandar, A., van der Land, J., van der Spoel, S., van Soest, R., Vetter, E., Vinogradov, G., Williams, G. and Wooldridge, T. (1999) The taxonomic richness of South Africa's marine fauna: a crisis at hand. South African Journal of Science 95, 812.Google Scholar
Gibbons, M.J., Buecher, E., Thibault-Botha, D. and Helm, R.R. (2010a) Patterns in marine hydrozoan richness and biogeography around southern Africa: implications of life-history strategy. Journal of Biogeography 37, 606616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbons, M.J., Janson, L.A., Ismail, A. and Samaai, T. (2010b) Life-cycle strategy, species richness and distribution in marine Hydrozoa (Cnidaria: Medusozoa). Journal of Biogeography 37, 441448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamner, W.H. and Dawson, M.N. (2009) A review and synthesis on the systematics and evolution of jellyfish blooms: advantageous aggregations and adaptive assemblages. Hydrobiologia 616, 161191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, B.S., Dawson, M.N., Crow, G.L. and Hofmann, D.K. (2004) Global phylogeography of Cassiopea (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae): molecular evidence for cryptic species and multiple invasion of the Hawaiian Islands. Marine Biology 145, 11191128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jerling, H.L., Vivier, L. and Cyrus, D.P. (2010) Response of the mesozooplankton community of the St Lucia estuary, South Africa, to a mouth-opening event during an extended drought. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 86, 543552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramp, P.L. (1956) Medusae of the Iranian Gulf. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorik Forening 118, 235242.Google Scholar
Kramp, P.L. (1961) Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 40, 1469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramp, P.L. (1970) Zoogeographical studies on Rhizostomeae (Scyphozoa). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening 133, 730.Google Scholar
Marques, A.C. and Collins, A.G. (2004) Cladistic analysis of Medusozoa and cnidarian evolution. Invertebrate Biology 123, 2342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, A.G. (1910) Volume III: Schyphomedusae. In Medusae of the world. Washington: Carnegie Institute, pp. 499735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McManus, G.B. and Katz, L.A. (2009) Molecular and morphological methods for identifying plankton: what makes a successful marriage? Journal of Plankton Research 31, 11191129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menon, M.G.K. (1930) The Schyphomedusae of Madras and the neighbouring coast. Bulletin of the Madras Government, New Series, Natural History Section 3, 128.Google Scholar
Menon, M.G.K. (1936) Schyphomedusae of the Krusadai Island. Bulletin of the Madras Government, New Series, Natural History Section 1, 19.Google Scholar
Mianzan, H.W. and Cornelius, P.F.S. (1999) Cubomedusae and Scyphomedusae. In Boltovskoy, D. (ed.) South Atlantic zooplankton (volume 1). Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, pp. 513559.Google Scholar
Nair, K.K. (1946) Medusae of Travancore and their correlation with inshore fishing. Proceedings of the First Indian Science Congress 32, 97.Google Scholar
Pillay, D. and Perissinotto, R. (2008) The benthic macrofauna of the St Lucia Estuary during the 2005 drought year. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 77, 3546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinn, G. and Keough, M. (2002) Hypothesis testing. In Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranson, G. (1945) Les Scyphomeduses de la collection du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris. II. Catalogue raisonne; origine des recoltes. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris Series 2, 16, 312320.Google Scholar
Rao, H.S. (1931) Notes on Scyphomedusae in the Indian museum. Records of the Indian Museum 33, 2562.Google Scholar
Schroth, W., Jarms, G., Streit, B. and Schierwater, B. (2002) Speciation and phylogeography in the cosmopolitan marine moon jelly, Aurelia sp. BioMed Central Evolutionary Biology 2, 110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stiasny, G. (1921) Studien über Rhizostomeen. Capita Zoologica 1, 129130.Google Scholar
Stiasny, G. (1922) Ergebnisse der Nachuntersuchung einiger Rhizostomeer-Typen Haeckel's und Chun's aus dem zoologischen Museum in Hamburg. Zooogische Mededelingen 7, 4160.Google Scholar
Stiasny, G. (1923) Ergebnisse der Nachuntersuchung einiger Rhizostomeer-Typen Ehrenberg's, Haeckel's und Vanhoffen's aus den zoologischen Museen im Berlin und Konigsberg. Zooogische Mededelingen 7, 225242.Google Scholar
Stiasny, G. (1937) Scyphomedusae. John Murray Expedition 1933–1934, Scientific Reports 4, 203242.Google Scholar
UNESCO (2008) Report on the 32nd Session of the WH Committee. Paris: UNESCO.Google Scholar
Vanhöffen, E. (1888) Untersuchungen über semaeostome und rhizostome Medusen. Bibliotheca Zoologica 3, 152.Google Scholar
Varón, A., Vinh, L.S., Bomash, I. and Wheeler, W.C. (2009) POY 4.1.1. American Museum of Natural History [available on internet at http://research.amnh.org/scicomp/projects/poy.php].Google Scholar
Zar, J.H. (1999) Biostatistical analysis. 4th edition. India: Dorling Kindersley.Google Scholar