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Morphological and molecular variability of the sea anemone Phymanthus crucifer (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria, Actinoidea)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2014

Ricardo González-Muñoz ,
Nuno Simões ,
Maite Mascaró ,
José Luis Tello-Musi ,
Mercer R. Brugler  and
Estefanía Rodríguez
Ricardo González-Muñoz*
Affiliation:
Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación en Sisal (UMDI-Sisal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Puerto de Abrigo, Sisal, C.P. 97356 Yucatán, México Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (PCMyL), UNAM, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICMyL), Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, México
Nuno Simões
Affiliation:
Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación en Sisal (UMDI-Sisal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Puerto de Abrigo, Sisal, C.P. 97356 Yucatán, México
Maite Mascaró
Affiliation:
Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación en Sisal (UMDI-Sisal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Puerto de Abrigo, Sisal, C.P. 97356 Yucatán, México
José Luis Tello-Musi
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Zoología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala (FES-I), UNAM, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090 Estado de México, México
Mercer R. Brugler
Affiliation:
Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA Biological Sciences Department, NYC College of Technology (CUNY), 300 Jay Street, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
Estefanía Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: R. González-Muñoz, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación en Sisal (UMDI-Sisal), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Puerto de Abrigo, Sisal, C.P. 97356 Yucatán, México Email: ricordea.gonzalez@gmail.com
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Abstract

The shallow water sea anemone Phymanthus crucifer exhibits three distinct morphotypes, characterized by the presence or absence of protuberances on the marginal tentacles, as well as intermediate forms. The taxonomic status of the different morphotypes and the diagnostic value of protuberances on the tentacles have been debated for this species and the family Phymanthidae. We analysed the external and internal anatomy, cnidae and three mitochondrial molecular markers for representatives of each of the three morphotypes. In addition, we address the putative monophyly of the family Phymanthidae based on molecular data. With the exception of the protuberances, our morphological and molecular results show no differences among the three morphotypes; thus, we consider this feature to be intraspecific variability within P. crucifer. Furthermore, molecular data reveal that the family Phymanthidae is not monophyletic. In addition, we discuss several diagnostic morphological features of the family Phymanthidae.

Keywords

Phymanthidaemitochondrial DNAmarginal tentaclescnidocystsmorphotypescoral reefs
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 95 , Issue 1 , February 2015 , pp. 69 - 79
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2014 

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