Andersen, Poul, The Method of Holding the Three Ones: A Taoist Manual of Meditation of the Fourth Century A.D. London: Curzon Press, 1980; 1989.Google Scholar

Berkowitz, Alan, Patterns of Disengagement: The Practice and Portrayal of Reclusion in Early Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar

Bokenkamp, Stephan R., “Answering a Summons”. In Religions of China in Practice, edited by Donald, Lopez Jr., 188–202. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.Google Scholar

Bokenkamp, Stephen R., “Declarations of the Perfected”. In Religions of China in Practice edited by Lopez, Donald S. Jr., 166–79. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bokenkamp, Stephen R., Early Daoist Scriptures. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Bokenkamp, Stephen R., “Stages of Transcendence: The Bhūmi Concept in Taoist Scripture”. In Chinese Buddhist Apocrypha, edited by Buswell, Robert E. Jr., Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Brown, Peter, “The Rise and Function of the Holy Man in Late Antiquity”. In Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.Google Scholar

Bumbacher, Stephen P., Fragments of the Daoxue zhuan. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2000.Google Scholar

Campany, Robert Ford, “Secrecy and Display in the Quest for Transcendence in China, ca. 220 B.C.E.-350 C.E”. History of Religions 45, no. 4 (2006): 291–336.Google Scholar

Campany, Robert Ford, To Live as Long as Heaven and Earth: A Translation of Ge Hong's “Traditions of Divine Transcendents”. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Cedzich, Ursula-Angelika, “Corpse Deliverance, Substitute Bodies, Name Change, and Feigned Death: Aspects of Metamorphosis and Immortality in Early Medieval China”. Journal of Chinese Religions 29 (2001): 1–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chang, Chao-jan, 張 超 然. “You xian er zhen: Ziyangzhenren neizhuan suo biaoshi de xin xiudao lujing 由 仙 而 真 ： 《 紫 陽 真 人 內 傳 》 所 標 示 的 新 修 道 路 徑”. In Dandao yanjiu, edited by Wang, Cheng-chih, 261–326. Taipei: Dandao wenhua, 2006.Google Scholar

Chen, Guofu, 陳 國 符. Daozang yuanliu kao. 道 臧 源 流 考. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1963.Google Scholar

Chen, Shih-hsiang, “An Innovation in Chinese Biographical Writing”. Far Eastern Quarterly 13, no. 1 (1953): 49–62.Google Scholar

Daomen jingfa xiangcheng cifa. 道 門 經 法 相 承 次 法. DZ 1128.Google Scholar

Daoyao lingqi shengui pin jing. 道 要 靈 祇 神 鬼 品 經. DZ 1201.Google Scholar

De Crespigny, Rafe, “The Recruitment System of the Imperial Bureaucracy of the Late Han”. Chung Chi Journal 6, no. 1 (1966): 67–78.Google Scholar

Dean, Kenneth, “Daoist Ritual Today”. In Daoism Handbook, edited by Livia, Kohn, 434–85. Leiden: Brill, 2000.Google Scholar

Delehaye, Hippolyte, The Legends of the Saints. Translated by Donald, Attwater. New York: Fordham University Press, 1962.Google Scholar

Dengzhen yinjue. 登 真 隱 訣. DZ 421.Google Scholar

DeWoskin, Kenneth J., Doctors, Diviners, and Magicians of Ancient China: Biographies of Fang-shi. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.Google Scholar

Dien, Albert E., “Civil Service Examinations: Evidence from the Northwest”. In Culture and Power in the Reconstitution of the Chinese Realm, 200–600, edited by Scott, Pearce, Audrey, Spiro and Patricia, Ebrey, 99–124. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2001.Google Scholar

Dongxuan lingbao sandong fengdao kejie yingshi. 洞 玄 靈 寶 三 洞 奉 道 科 戒 營 始. DZ 1125.Google Scholar

Dongxuan lingbao zhenling weiye tu. 洞 玄 靈 寶 真 靈 位 業 圖. DZ 167.Google Scholar

Dongxuan lingbao ziran jiutian shengshen zhang jing jie. 洞玄靈寶自然生神章經解. DZ 397.Google Scholar

Dongxuan lingbao ziran jiutian shengshen zhang jing jieyi. 洞玄靈寶自然生神章經解義. DZ 397.Google Scholar

Dongxuan lingbao ziran jiutian shengshen zhang jing zhu. 洞玄靈寶自然生神章經注. DZ 398.Google Scholar

Dongxuan lingbao ziran jiutian shengshen zhangjing. 洞 玄 靈 保 自 然 生 神 章 經. DZ 397.Google Scholar

Dongzhen taishang suling dongyuan dayou miaojing 洞真太上素靈洞元大有妙經. DZ 1314.Google Scholar

Dongzhen zidu yanguang shenyuan bianjing 洞 真 太 上 紫 度 炎 光 神 元 變 經. DZ 1332.Google Scholar

Dull, Jack., “A Historical Introduction to the Apocryphal (Ch'an-wei) Texts of the Han Dynasty”. Ph.D. diss., University of Washington, 1966.Google Scholar

Durrant, Stephen W., The Cloudy Mirror. Tension and Conflict in the Writings of Sima Qian. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.Google Scholar

Grafflin, Dennis, “Reinventing China: Pseudobureaucracy in the Early Southern Dynasties”. In State and Society in Medieval China, edited by Dien, Albert E., 139–70. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.Google Scholar

Grapard, Allan G., “The Textualized Mountain – Enmountained Text: The Lotus Sutra in Kunisaki”. In The Lotus Sutra in Japanese Culture, edited by Tanabe, George J. Jr., and Willa, Jane Tanabe, 159–89. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989.Google Scholar

Gu, Jiegang, 顧 頡 剛. “Siyue yu wuyue 四 嶽 輿 五 嶽”. In Shilin zashi, edited by Jiegang, Gu, 34–45. Beijing: Zhonghua, 1963.Google Scholar

Han, Wudi neizhuan. 漢 武 帝 內 傳. DZ 292.Google Scholar

Holcombe, Charles, In the Shadow of the Han: Literati Thought and Society at the Beginning of the Southern Dynasties. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994.Google Scholar

Holzman, Donald, “Les débuts du système médiéval de choix et de classement des fonctionnaires: les neuf catégories et l'impartial et juste 九 品 中 正”. Mélanges publiés par l'Institut des hautes études chinoises 1 (1957): 387–414.Google Scholar

Ishii, Masako 石 井 昌 子., Dōkyōgaku no kenkyū: Tō Kōkei o chūshin ni. 道 教 学 の 研 究 — 陶 弘 景 に つい て. Tokyo: Kokushō kankōkai, 1980.Google Scholar

Kaltenmark, Max, Le Lie-sien tchouan (biogaphies légendaires des immortels taoïste de l'antiquité). Paris: Collège de France, Institut des hautes études chinoises, 1987.Google Scholar

Kleeman, Terry, A God's Own Tale: The “Book of Transformations” of Wenchang, the Divine Lord of Zitong. Albany: State University of New York, 1994.Google Scholar

Kroll, Paul W., “In the Halls of the Azure Lad”. Journal of the American Oriental Society 105, no. 1 (1985): 75–94.Google Scholar

Kroll, Paul W., “review of Biographie d'un taoïste légendaire: Tcheou Tsu-yang, by Manfred Porkert”. Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR) 3, no. 1 (1981): 163–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fong-Mao, Lee 李 豐 楙., Baopu zi: busi de tanqiu. 抱 朴 子 ： 不 死 的 探 求. Taipei: Shibao wenhua, 1998.Google Scholar

Fong-Mao, Lee, 李 豐 楙. Donggang donglonggong jiaozhi. 東 港 東 隆 宮 醮 志. Taipei: Xuesheng shuju, 1998.Google Scholar

Lewis, Mark Edward, “The feng and shan sacrifices of Emperor Wu of the Han”. In State and Court Ritual in China, edited by Joseph P. McDermott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Lewis, Mark Edward, Writing and Authority in Early China. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.Google Scholar

Liexian, zhuan. 列 仙 傳. DZ 294.Google Scholar

Lishi zhenxian tidao tongjian. 歷 世 真 仙 體 道 通 鑑. DZ 296.Google Scholar

Maoshan, zhi. 茅 山 志. DZ 304.Google Scholar

Maspero, Henri, Taoism and Chinese Religion. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1981.Google Scholar

Nan Qi shu. 南齊書. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1972.Google Scholar

Ngo Van Xuyet, Divination, magic et politique dans la Chine ancienne. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1976.Google Scholar

Nickerson, Peter, “The Great Petition for Sepulchral Plaints”. In Early Daoist Scriptures, edited by Stephen, Bokenkamp, 230–74. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.Google Scholar

Ōfuchi, Ninji 大 淵 忍 爾, Shoki no dōkyō. 初期の道教 Tokyo: Sobunsha, 1991.Google Scholar

Ōfuchi, Ninji, 大 淵 忍 爾. Tonkō dōkyō: Zurokuhen. 敦 煌 道 教 ： 図 録 編. Tokyo: Fukubu shōten, 1978–1979.Google Scholar

Penny, Benjamin, “Immortality and Transcendence”. In Daoism Handbook, edited by Livia, Kohn, 109–33. Leiden: Brill, 2000.Google Scholar

Penny, Benjamin, “Jiao Xian's Three Lives”. In Religion and Biography in China and Tibet, edited by Benjamin, Penny, 13–29. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2002.Google Scholar

Porkert, Manfred, Biographie d'un Taoïste légendaire: Tcheou Tseu-yang: Collège de France; Institut des hautes Études chinoises, 1979.Google Scholar

Raz, Gil, “Creation of Tradition: The Five Talismans of the Numinous Treasure and the Formation of Early Daoism”. Indiana University, 2004.Google Scholar

Robinet, Isabelle, La révélation du Shangqing dans l'histoire du taoïsme. 2 vols. Paris: École française d'Extrême-Orient, 1984.Google Scholar

Robinet, Isabelle, La révélation du Shangqing dans l'histoire du taoïsme. 2 vols. Vol. 2. Paris: École Française d'Extrême-Orient, 1984.Google Scholar

Robinet, Isabelle, “Review of Biographie d'un taoïste légendaire: Tcheou Tsu-yang, by Manfred Porkert”. T'oung Pao LXVII, no. 1–2 (1981): 123–35.Google Scholar

Robinet, Isabelle, Taoist Meditation: The Mao-Shan Tradition of Great Purity. Translated by Julian, Pas and Norman, Girardot. Albany: University of New York Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Roth, Harold, “The Yellow Emperor's Guru: A Narrative Analysis from Chuang Tzu 11”. Taoist Resources 7, no. 1 (1997): 43–60.Google Scholar

Ryckmans, P., “A New Interpretation of the Term Lieh-chuan as Used in the Shi-chi”. Papers on Far Eastern History 5 (1972): 135–47.Google Scholar

Schipper, Kristofer M., Concordance du Tao-Tsang: Titres des ouvrages. Paris: École-Française d'Extrême-Orient, 1975.Google Scholar

Schipper, Kristofer M., The Taoist Body. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.Google Scholar

Schipper, Kristofer M., L'Empereur Wou des Han dans la légende Taoiste: Han Wou-ti nei-tchouan. Paris: École Française d'Extrême-Orient, 1965.Google Scholar

Seidel, Anna, “Taoist Messianism”. Numen XXXL, no. 2 (1984): 161–74.Google Scholar

Seidel, Anna, “Traces of Han Religion in Funeral Texts Found in Tombs”. In Dōkyō to shūkyō bunka, edited by Akizuki Kan'ei, 28–39. Tokyo: Hirakawa shuppansha, 1987.Google Scholar

Shangqing, dadong zhenjing. 上 清 大 洞 真 經. DZ 6.Google Scholar

Shangqing housheng daojun lieji. 上清後聖道君列紀. DZ 442.Google Scholar

Shangqing jinque dijun wudou sanyi tujue 上清金闕帝君五斗三一圖訣. DZ 765.Google Scholar

Shangqing wuchang biantong wanhua yuming jing. 上 清 五 常 變 通 萬 化 鬱 冥 經. DZ 324.Google Scholar

Shiji. 史 記. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1982.Google Scholar

Shuowen, jiezi 說文解字. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2000.Google Scholar

Stein, Rolf A., “Religious Taoism and Popular Religion from the Second to the Seventh Centuries”. In Facets of Taoism, edited by Anna, Seidel and Holmes, Welch, 53–81. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.Google Scholar

Strickmann, Michel, Chinese Magical Medicine. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Strickmann, Michel, Le Taoïsme du Mao Chan: chronique d'une révélation. Paris: Collége de France Institut des hautes Études chinoises, 1981.Google Scholar

Strickmann, Michel, “On the Alchemy of T'ao Hung-ching”. In Facets of Taoism, edited by Anna, Seidel and Holmes, Welch, 123–92. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.Google Scholar

Strickmann, Michel, “The Mao-shan Revelations: Taoism and the Aristocracy”. T'oung Pao 63 (1978): 1–63.Google Scholar

Taiping, guangji. 太 平 廣 記. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 2003.Google Scholar

Taiping, yulan. 太 平 御 覽. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1960.Google Scholar

Taishang dongfang neijing zhu 太上洞房內經註. DZ 133.Google Scholar

Taishang dongxuan lingbao bawei zhaolong miaojing. 太上洞玄靈寶八威召龍妙經. DZ 361.Google Scholar

Taishang dongxuan lingbao benxing suyuan jing. 太 上 洞 玄 靈 寶 本 行 宿 緣 經. DZ 1114.Google Scholar

Taishang dongxuan lingbao shouduyi 太 上 洞 玄 靈 寶 授 度 儀. DZ 528.Google Scholar

Taishang lingbao wufu xu. 太 上 靈 寶 五 符 序. DZ 388.Google Scholar

Taishang zhengyi mengwei falu. 太 上 正 一 盟 威 法 籙. DZ 1209.Google Scholar

Tsai, Julius N., “Identity in the Making: Ritual, Lineage and Redaction in the Jinsuo liuzhu yin”. Journal of Chinese Religions 33 (2005): 61–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tsai, Julius N., “Opening Up the Ritual Casket: Patterns of Concealment and Disclosure in Chinese Religion”. Material Religion 2, no. 1 (2006): 38–66.Google Scholar

Turner, Victor, The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1995.Google Scholar

Verellen, Franciscus, “The Beyond Within: Grotto-Heavens (Dongtian 洞 天) in Taoist Ritual and Cosmology”. Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 8 (1995): 265–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Vervoorn, Aat, Men of the Cliffs and Caves: The Development of the Chinese Eremitic Tradition to the End of the Han Dynasty. Hong Kong: Chinese University, 1990.Google Scholar

Wang, Ming 王 明., Baopu zi neipian jiaoshi. 抱 朴 子 內 篇 校 釋. Beijing: Zhonghua, 1996.Google Scholar

Wang, Ming, Taiping jing hejiao. 太 平 經 合 校. Beijing: Zhonghua, 1997.Google Scholar

Wang, Shumin 王叔岷, ed., Zhuangzi jiaoquan. 莊子校註. 2 vols. Taipei: Zhongyang yanjiu yuan lishi yuyian suo, 1994.Google Scholar

Wushang, biyao. 無 上 祕 要. DZ 1138.Google Scholar

Yamada, Keigi 山 田 慶 兒, Zhongguo gudai yixue de xingcheng. 中 國 古 代 醫 學 的 形 成. Translated by Liao Yuqun and Li Jianmin. Taipei: Dongda, 2003.Google Scholar

Yasui, Kōzan 安 居 香 山, and Nakamura Shōhachi 中 村 璋 八, Isho shūsei. 緯 書 集 成. 6 vols. Tokyo: Meitoku, 1972–78.Google Scholar

Yü, Ying-shih, “Life and Immortality in the Mind of Han China”. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 25 (1964): 80–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Yuanshi tianzun shuo bianhua kongdong miaojing. 元 始 天 尊 說 變 化 空 洞 妙 經. DZ 37.Google Scholar

Yuanshi wulao chishu yupian zhenwen tianshu jing. 元始五老赤書玉篇真文天書經. DZ 22.Google Scholar

Yujing jiutian jinxiao weishen wangzhu taiyuan shangjing. 玉 景 九 天 金 霄 威 神 王 祝 太 元 上 經. DZ 256.Google Scholar

Yunji qiqian. 雲 笈 七 籤. DZ 1032.Google Scholar

Zhen'gao 真 誥. DZ 1016.Google Scholar

Zhengyi fawen taishang wailu yi. 正 一 法 文 太 上 外 籙 儀. DZ 1243.Google Scholar

Zhengyi fawen tianshi jiaojie kejing 正 一 法 文 天 師 教 戒 科 經. DZ 789.Google Scholar

Zhoushi mingtong ji. 周 氏 冥 通 記. DZ 302.Google Scholar

Ziyang zhenren neizhuan 紫 陽 真 人 內 傳. DZ 303.Google Scholar