Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T13:58:35.770Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New species and new records in the genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from tropical South America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 January 2016

Camille TRUONG  and
Philippe CLERC
Camille TRUONG
Affiliation:
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, CP 60, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland. Email: camille.truong@ville-ge.ch
Philippe CLERC
Affiliation:
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, CP 60, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland. Email: camille.truong@ville-ge.ch
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Usnea is a cosmopolitan genus of lichen-forming Ascomycota (Parmeliaceae, Lecanorales). This hyperdiverse genus remains poorly known, especially in tropical regions, and recent efforts have been made to clarify the species concepts and describe the diversity of species. We describe five new species from tropical South America based on morphological and chemical features supported by molecular data from the ITS rDNA, nuLSU, RPB1 and Mcm7 markers. Usnea clerciana is a Galapagos endemic characterized by inflated branches holding elongated tubercles, excavate soralia and/or apothecia. Usnea aranea and U. subaranea share inflated branches with numerous papillae and a loose arachnoid medulla, but differ in the minute and irregular soralia in U. aranea, that are circular and excavate in U. subaranea. Usnea rubriglabrata and U. subglabrata are characterized by inflated branches with excavate soralia, with a reddish cortex pigmentation in U. rubriglabrata that is lacking in U. subglabrata. Usnea aranea, U. rubriglabrata, U. subaranea and U. subglabrata are so far endemic to continental South America; the three former species are closely related and cluster in a highly supported clade, characterized by species distributed in the tropical Andes. New records for the region are provided and U. moreliana is resurrected, corresponding to the valid name for U. rubricornuta.

Keywords

macrolichensNeotropicsphylogeneticstaxonomythin-layer chromatography
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 48 , Issue 1 , January 2016 , pp. 71 - 93
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amo de Paz, G., Cubas, P., Crespo, A., Elix, J. A. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2012) Transoceanic dispersal and subsequent diversification on separate continents shaped diversity of the Xanthoparmelia pulla group (Ascomycota). PLoS ONE 7: e39683.Google Scholar
Articus, K., Mattsson, J. E., Tibell, L., Grube, M. & Wedin, M. (2002) Ribosomal DNA and beta-tubulin data do not support the separation of the lichens Usnea florida and U. subfloridana as distinct species. Mycological Research 106: 412–418.Google Scholar
Awasthi, G. (1986) Lichen genus Usnea in India. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 61: 333–421.Google Scholar
Clerc, P. (1987 a) On the morphology of soralia in the genus Usnea . Bibliotheca Lichenologica 25: 99–102.Google Scholar
Clerc, P. (1987 b) Systematics of the Usnea fragilescens aggregate and its distribution in Scandinavia. Nordic Journal of Botany 7: 479–495.Google Scholar
Clerc, P. (1998) Species concepts in the genus Usnea (lichenized Ascomycetes). Lichenologist 30: 321–340.Google Scholar
Clerc, P. (2006) Synopsis of Usnea (lichenized Ascomycetes) from the Azores with additional information on the species in Macaronesia. Lichenologist 38: 191–212.Google Scholar
Clerc, P. (2008) Usnea . In Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region (T. H. Nash III, C. Gries & F. Bungartz, eds): 302–335. Tempe, Arizona: Lichen Unlimited, Arizona State University.Google Scholar
Clerc, P. (2011) Usnea . In Nordic Lichen Flora, Vol. 4 (A. Thell & R. Moberg, eds): 107–127. Uppsala: Nordic Lichen Society.Google Scholar
Crespo, A., Lumbsch, H. T., Mattsson, J. E., Blanco, O., Divakar, P. K., Articus, K., Wiklund, E., Bawingan, P. A. & Wedin, M. (2007) Testing morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 812–824.Google Scholar
Culberson, C. F. & Ammann, K. (1979) Standardmethode zur Dünnschichtchromatographie von Flechtensubstanzen. Herzogia 5: 1–24.Google Scholar
Culberson, C. F. & Johnson, A. (1982) Substitution of methyl tert-butyl ether for diethyl ether in the standardized thin-layer chromatographic method for lichen products. Journal of Chromatography 238: 483–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández-Mendoza, F., Domaschke, S., García, M. A., Jordan, P., Martín, M. P. & Printzen, C. (2011) Population structure of mycobionts and photobionts of the widespread lichen Cetraria aculeata . Molecular Ecology 20: 1208–1232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fos, S. & Clerc, P. (2000) The lichen genus Usnea on Quercus suber in Iberian cork-oak forests. Lichenologist 32: 67–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halonen, P., Clerc, P., Goward, T., Brodo, I. M. & Wulff, K. (1998) Synopsis of the genus Usnea (lichenized Ascomycetes) in British Columbia, Canada. Bryologist 101: 36–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halonen, P., Myllys, L., Ahti, T. & Petrova, O. V. (1999) The lichen genus Usnea in East Fennoscandia. III. The shrubby species. Annales Botanici Fennici 36: 235–256.Google Scholar
Herrera-Campos, M. A., Clerc, P. & Nash, T. H. III (1998) Pendulous species of Usnea from the temperate forests in Mexico. Bryologist 101: 303–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrera-Campos, M. A., Nash, T. H. III & Garcia, A. Z. (2001) Preliminary study of the Usnea fragilescens aggregate in Mexico. Bryologist 104: 235–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, L. J., Hollingsworth, P. M., Coppins, B. J., Ellis, C. J., Harrold, P., Tosh, J. & Yahr, R. (2011) DNA barcoding of lichenized fungi demonstrates high identification success in a floristic context. New Phytologist 191: 288–300.Google Scholar
Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S. Y. & Guindon, S. (2012) Partitionfinder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29: 1695–1701.Google Scholar
Leavitt, S. D., Esslinger, T. L., Spribille, T., Divakar, P. K. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2013) Multilocus phylogeny of the lichen-forming fungal genus Melanohalea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota): insights on diversity, distributions, and a comparison of species tree and concatenated topologies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66: 138–152.Google Scholar
Lumbsch, H. T. & Wirtz, N. (2011) Phylogenetic relationships of the neuropogonoid core group in the genus Usnea (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae). Lichenologist 43: 553–559.Google Scholar
Miller, M. A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), 14 November 2010, New Orleans, Louisiana, pp. 1–8.Google Scholar
Motyka, J. (1936) Lichenum Generis Usnea Studium Monographicum. Pars Systematica I. Leopoldi: privately printed.Google Scholar
Motyka, J. (1938) Lichenum Generis Usnea Studium Monographicum. Pars Systematica II. Leopoldi: privately printed.Google Scholar
Ohmura, Y. (2001) Taxonomic study of the genus Usnea (lichenized Ascomycetes) in Japan and Taiwan. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 90: 1–96.Google Scholar
Ohmura, Y. (2002) Phylogenetic evaluation of infrageneric groups of the genus Usnea based on ITS regions in rDNA. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 92: 231–243.Google Scholar
Ohmura, Y. (2008) Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of Usnea rubicunda and U. rubrotincta (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycotina) based on ITS rDNA sequences. Journal of Japanese Botany 83: 347–355.Google Scholar
Ohmura, Y. (2012) A synopsis of the lichen genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in Taiwan. Memoirs of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo 48: 91–137.Google Scholar
Ohmura, Y. & Kanda, H. (2004) Taxonomic status of section Neuropogon in the genus Usnea elucidated by morphological comparisons and ITS rDNA sequences. Lichenologist 36: 217–225.Google Scholar
Ohmura, Y., Lin, C. K. & Wang, P. H. (2010) Three sorediate species of the genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) new to Taiwan. Memoirs of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo 46: 69–76.Google Scholar
Poelt, J. (1970) Das Konzept der Artenpaare bei den Flechten. Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft, neue Folge 4: 187–198.Google Scholar
Poelt, J. (1972) Die taxonimische behandlung von Artenpaare bei den Flechten. Botanische Notiser 125: 77–81.Google Scholar
Rambaut, A., Suchard, M., Xie, D. & Drummond, A. (2014) Tracer v1.6. Available from http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, J. M., Estrabou, C., Truong, C. & Clerc, P. (2011) The saxicolous species of the genus Usnea subgenus Usnea (Parmeliaceae) in Argentina and Uruguay. Bryologist 114: 504–525.Google Scholar
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A., Hohna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M. A. & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saag, L., Tõrra, T., Saag, A., Del Prado, R. & Randlane, T. (2011) Phylogenetic relations of European shrubby taxa of the genus Usnea . Lichenologist 43: 427–444.Google Scholar
Scherrer, S., Zippler, U. & Honegger, R. (2005) Characterisation of the mating-type locus in the genus Xanthoria (lichen-forming ascomycetes, Lecanoromycetes). Fungal Genetics and Biology 42: 976–988.Google Scholar
Schoch, C. L., Seifert, K. A., Huhndorf, S., Robert, V., Spouge, J. L., Levesque, C. A., Chen, W. T. & Consortium, F. B. (2012) Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109: 6241–6246.Google Scholar
Seymour, F. A., Crittenden, P. D., Wirtz, N., Øvstedal, D. O., Dyer, P. S. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2007) Phylogenetic and morphological analysis of Antarctic lichen-forming Usnea species in the group Neuropogon . Antarctic Science 19: 71–82.Google Scholar
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313.Google Scholar
Stevens, G. N. (1999) A revison of the lichen family Usneaceae in Australia. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 72: 1–128.Google Scholar
Stevens, G. N. (2004) Usneaceae . In Flora of Australia. Vol 56A, Lichens 4 (P. M. McCarthy & K. Mallett, eds): 78–98 & 107–115. Melbourne: ABRS/CSIRO.Google Scholar
Swinscow, T. D. V. & Krog, H. (1978) Pendulous species of Usnea in East Africa. Norwegian Journal of Botany 25: 221–241.Google Scholar
Swinscow, T. D. V. & Krog, H. (1979) The fruticose species of Usnea subgenus Usnea in East Africa. Lichenologist 11: 207–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tehler, A., Irestedt, M., Bungartz, F. & Wedin, M. (2009) Evolution and reproduction modes in the Roccella galapagoensis aggregate (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales). Taxon 58: 438–456.Google Scholar
Truong, C. & Clerc, P. (2012) The lichen genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae) in tropical South America: species with a pigmented medulla, reacting C+ yellow. Lichenologist 44: 625–637.Google Scholar
Truong, C. & Clerc, P. (2013) Eumitrioid Usnea species (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in tropical South America and the Galapagos. Lichenologist 45: 383–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Truong, C., Bungartz, F. & Clerc, P. (2011) The lichen genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae) in the tropical Andes and the Galapagos: species with a red-orange cortical or subcortical pigmentation. Bryologist 114: 477–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Truong, C., Divakar, P. K., Yahr, R., Crespo, A. & Clerc, P. (2013 a) Testing the use of ITS rDNA and protein-coding genes in the generic and species delimitation of the lichen genus Usnea (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68: 357–372.Google Scholar
Truong, C., Rodriguez, J. M. & Clerc, P. (2013 b) Pendulous Usnea species (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in tropical South America and the Galapagos. Lichenologist 45: 505–543.Google Scholar
Walker, F. J. (1985) The lichen genus Usnea subgenus Neuropogon . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany 13: 1–130.Google Scholar
Wirtz, N., Printzen, C. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2008) The delimitation of Antarctic and bipolar species of neuropogonoid Usnea (Ascomycota, Lecanorales): a cohesion approach of species recognition for the Usnea perpusilla complex. Mycological Research 112: 472–484.Google Scholar
Wirtz, N., Printzen, C. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2012) Using haplotype networks, estimation of gene flow and phenotypic characters to understand species delimitation in fungi of a predominantly Antarctic Usnea group (Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12: 17–37.Google Scholar