Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T23:44:09.983Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A GENERIC REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN HELIOTHIDINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

David F. Hardwick
David F. Hardwick*
Affiliation:
Entomology Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa
Get access

Abstract

The noctuid subfamily Heliothidinae, which is represented in North America by 158 species, is redefined, largely on the basis of male genitalic characters. Of genera included in the subfamily in McDunnough's 1938 check list, only four are recognized as valid, these being Heliothis Ochs., Schinia Hbn., Heliolonche Grt., and Melaporphyria Grt. Helicoverpa Hdwk., which was described subsequent to the appearance of McDunnough's list, and Protoschinia which is described as new here, are also included. Grotella Harv., Hemigrotella B. & McD., and Neogrotella B. & B. are not considered heliothidine genera and are removed to the Stiriinae.Eight genera, which have been assigned to the Amphipyrinae because they lack the mid and hind tibial setae characteristic of other heliothidine components, have also been incorporated in the Heliothidinae; these genera are Microhelia Hamp., Heliothodes Hamp., Baptarma Sm., Eutricopis Morr., Derrima Wlk., Erythroecia Hamp., Rhodoecia Hamp., and Pyrrhia Hbn. Because of the close similarity in structure and habits between these genera and those previously mentioned, the two groups are considered to constitute a monophyletic assemblage within the Noctuidae, despite the discrepancy with respect to mid and hind tibial setae.A key to the 14 North American genera of the Heliothidinae is presented. Descriptions of genera and figures of the male and female genitalia of the type species of all valid genera and of many genera in synonymy are provided. Canthylidia Butl. and Timora Wlk. are newly synonymized to Heliothis, and Heliosea Grt. to Heliolonche Grt. A check list of the North American Heliothidinae is appended to the text.The possible phylogenetic relationship of the Heliothidinae to the Stiriinae is discussed. The latter group is raised from tribal rank in the Amphypyrinae to subfamily rank; a number of genera are added to it, and a provisional redefinition of the subfamily is presented.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 102 , Supplement S73 , 1970 , pp. 5 - 59
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1970

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnes, W., and McDunnough, J.. 1917. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America. Decatur, Ill.Google Scholar
Benjamin, F. H. 1935. Notes and new species. Bull. Sth. Calif. Acad. Sci. 34: 194–210.Google Scholar
Boisduval, J. A. 1829. Europaeorum Lepidopterorum index methodicus. Paris.Google Scholar
Boisduval, J. A 1840. Genera et index methodicus Europaeorum Lepidopterorum. Paris.Google Scholar
Boursin, C. 1965. Errata et addenda a mon travail “Les Noctuidae Trifinae de France et de Belgique”. Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Lyon 34: 182–187.Google Scholar
Butler, A. G. 1886. Descriptions of 21 new genera and 103 new species of Lepidoptera—Heterocera from the Australian region. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (1886), pp. 381–441.Google Scholar
Crumb, S. E. 1956. The larvae of the Phalaenidae. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agrie. 1135.Google Scholar
Curtis, J. 1836. British entomology. Vol. 13. London.Google Scholar
Draudt, M. 1926. Eulenartige Nachtfalter des Amerikanisches Faunengebietes. In Die Gross-schmetterlinge der Erde, ed. by Seitz, A.. Vol. 7, pp. 229–308.Google Scholar
Draudt, M. 1927. Eulenartige Nachtfalter des Amerikanisches Faunengebietes. In Die Gross schmetterlinge der Erde, ed. by Seitz, A.. Vol. 7, pp. 309–348.Google Scholar
Duncan, J. 1841. Exotic moths. In Naturalist's Library, ed. by Jardine, W.. Vol. 33. London.Google Scholar
Duponchel, P.-A.-J. 1829. Histoire Naturelle des Lépidoptères ou papillons de France. Vol. 7, Part 2. Paris.Google Scholar
Forbes, W. T. M. 1912. Male of Heliocheilus lupatus. Jl N.Y. ent. Soc. 20: 193–194.Google Scholar
Forbes, W. T. M. 1954. Lepidoptera of New York and neighbouring States. Part 3. Mem. Cornell Univ. Agrie. Exp. Stn 329.Google Scholar
Gaede, M. 1935. Eulenartige Nachtfalter des Afrikanischen Faunengebietes. In Die Grossschmetterlinge der Erde, ed. by Seitz, A.. Vol. 15, pp. 79–206.Google Scholar
Gardner, J. C. M. 1946 a. On larvae of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)—II Trans R. ent. Soc. Lond. 96: 61–72.Google Scholar
Gardner, J. C. M. 1946 b. On larvae of the Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) — II. Trans. R. ent. Soc Lond 97: 237–252.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1864. Description of a new genus and species of North American Noctuina Proc. ent. Soc. Philad. 3: 2–4.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1965. Descriptions of North American Lepidoptera—No. 6. Proc. ent. Soc Philad 4: 315–330.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1873. A study of North American Noctuidae. Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 1: 95–128.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1874. List of the Noctuidae of North America. Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 2: 1–77.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1875 a. Check list of the Noctuidae of America, north of Mexico, Part I. Buffalo.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1875 b. Supplement to the list of North American Noctuidae. Bull. Buffalo Soc nat Sci. 2: 209–223.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1877. Appendix to: Uhler P. R. Report upon the insects collected by P. R. Uhler during the explorations of 1875, including monographs of the families Cydnidae and Saldae, and the Hemiptera collected by A. S. Packard Jr., M. D. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. 3: 797–801.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1881. Moths collected by Prof. Snow in New Mexico. Papilio 1: 174–178.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1882. New check list of American moths. New York.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1883 a. New species and notes on structure of moths and genera. Can. Ent. 15: 3–13.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1883 b. Remarks upon the North American Heliothinae and their recent literature. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 10: 257–268.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1883 c. On the North American Calpinae to Heliothinae. Can. Ent. 15: 72–77 102–110.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1883 d. Introduction to a study of the North American Noctuidae. Proc. Am phil Soc. 21: 134–176.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1890. Revised check list of the North American Noctuidae, Part 1. Bremen.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R. 1895. List of North American Ptilodontae, Thyatiridae, Apatelidae, and Agrotidae. Abb. Ver. Bremen 14: 44–128.Google Scholar
Grote, A. R., and Robinson, C. T.. 1873. A supplement to the descriptions of American Lepidoptera. Traits. Am. ent. Soc. 4: 425–435.Google Scholar
Guenée, A. 1837. Essai pour servir à la classification des noctuélides. Annls Soc ent Fr 6: 311–367.Google Scholar
Guenée, A. 1841. Essai sur la classification des noctuélides. Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 10: 53–83.Google Scholar
Guenée, A. 1852. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Lépidoptères 6, Noctuélites 2. Paris.Google Scholar
Hampson, G. F. 1894. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. 2. London.Google Scholar
Hampson, G. F. 1903. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Vol. 4. London.Google Scholar
Hampson, G. F. 1910. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Vol. 9. London.Google Scholar
Hardwick, D. F. 1958. Taxonomy, life history, and habits of the elliptoid-eyed species of Schinia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with notes on the Heliothidinae. Can. Ent. Suppl. 6.Google Scholar
Hardrwick, D. F. 1965. The corn earworm complex. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 40.Google Scholar
Harvey, L. F. 1875. On Texas Lepidoptera collected by Mr. Belfrage. Bull. Buffalo Soc. nat. Sci. 3: 3–16.Google Scholar
Herrich-Schaeffer, G. A. W. 1868. Die Schmetterlinge der Insel Cuba. KorrespBl. zool.-mineral. Ver. Regensburg 22: 147–156.Google Scholar
Heslop, I. R. P. 1964. Revised indexed check-list of the British Lepidoptera.Google Scholar
Hogue, C. L. 1963. A definition and classification of the tribe Stiriini (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Contr. Sci. No. 64.Google Scholar
Hübner, J. 1818. Zuträge zur Sammlung exotischer Schmetterlinge. Vol. 1. Augsburg.Google Scholar
Hübner, J. [1821.] Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, pp. 209–256. Augsburg.Google Scholar
Hübner, J. [1823.] Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, pp. 257–304. Augsburg.Google Scholar
Humphreys, H. N. [1860.] The genera of British Moths. London.Google Scholar
Lederer, J. 1857. Die Noctuinen Europa's. Vienna.Google Scholar
Mazokhin-Porshnyakov, G. A. 1969. Insect vision. Plenum Press, New York.Google Scholar
McDunnough, J. 1916. On the types of certain noctuid genera occurring in North America. Ent. News 27: 393–400.Google Scholar
McDunnough, J. 1928. A generic revision of North American agrotid moths. Bull. natn. Mus. Can. 55: 1–78.Google Scholar
McDunnough, J. 1938. Check list of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America, Part 1. Mem. Sth. Calif. Acad. Sci., Vol. 1.Google Scholar
McElvare, R. R. 1943. Notes on Heliothiinae—Confusion of Schinia velaris Grote with Schinia lanul Strecker. Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 38: 127.Google Scholar
McElvare, R. R. 1947. Notes on Heliothiinae. Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 42: 96.Google Scholar
McElvare, R. R. 1950. A new Heliothid from New Mexico. Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 45: 83–84.Google Scholar
McElvare, R. R 1951. New Heliothid moth from northern California. Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 46: 71–72.Google Scholar
McElvare, R. R. 1961. New Heliothid moth from central Florida. Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 56: 6–8.Google Scholar
Meyrick, E. 1912. A revision of the classification of New Zealand Caradrinina. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 44: 88–107.Google Scholar
Moore, F. 1881. Descriptions of new gencra and species of Asiatic nocturnal Lepidoptera. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. (1881), pp. 326–380.Google Scholar
Morrison, H. K. 1875. Notes on North American Lepidoptera. Ann. Lyceum nat. Hist. N.Y. 11: 91–104.Google Scholar
Ochsenheimer, F. 1816. Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. Vol. 4. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Richards, A. G. 1939. A revision of the North American species of the Phoberia-Melipotis-Drasteria group of moths. (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae). Entomologica am. 19: 1–100.Google Scholar
Samouelle, G. 1819. The entomologist's useful compendium. London.Google Scholar
Smith, J. B. 1882a. A synopsis of the North American genera of the Noctuidae. Bull. Brooklyn ent. Soc. 4: 47–52.Google Scholar
Smith, J. B. 1882 b. Synopsis of the North American Heliothinae. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 10: 205–224.Google Scholar
Smith, J. B. 1883. Synopsis of the North American Heliothinae. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 10: 225–256.Google Scholar
Smith, J. B. 1891. Notes on some Noctuidae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 18: 103–135.Google Scholar
Smith, J. B. 1893. A catalogue of the Lepidopterous superfamily Noctuidae. Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 44: 1–424.Google Scholar
Smith, J. B. 1900. A hundred new moths of the family Noctuidae. Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 22: 413–495.Google Scholar
Smith, J. B. 1904. New species of noctuids for 1904, No. 2. Psyche Comb. 11: 54–61.Google Scholar
Tams, W. H. T. 1939. Further notes on the generic names of British moths. Entomologist 72: 133–141.Google Scholar
Todd, E. L. 1965. A note on the generic nomenclature of the corn earworm and its relatives (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Co-op. econ. Insect Rep. 15(51): 1328.Google Scholar
Treitschke, F. 1826. Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. Vol. 5, Part 3. Leipzig.Google Scholar
Walker, F. 1856. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 9, pp. 1–252. London.Google Scholar
Walker, F. 1857. List of the specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part 12, pp. 765–982. London.Google Scholar
Warren, W. 1911. Eulenartige Nachtfalter des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. In Die Gross-schmetterlinge der Erde, ed. by Seitz, A.. Vol. 3, pp. 133–252. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Warren, W. 1912. Eulenartige Nachtfalter des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. In Die Gross-schmetterlinge der Erde, ed. by Seitz, A.. Vol. 3, pp. 253–276. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Warren, W. 1913. Eulnartige Nachtfalter des Indo-australischen Faunengebietes. In Die Gross-schmetterlinge der Erde, ed. by Seitz, A.. Vol. 11, pp. 89–304. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Warren, W. 1926. Eulenartige Nachtfalter des Indo-australischen Faunengebietes. In Die Gross-schmetterlinge der Erde, ed. by Seitz, A.. Vol. 11, pp. 305–328. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Zeller, P. C. 1840. Lepidopterologisches Beiträge. Isis (Leipzig) 1840, p. 246.Google Scholar