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Reversible Changes of Chromosome Structure upon Different Concentrations of Divalent Cations

Part of: Micrographia Collection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 April 2019

Astari Dwiranti Open the ORCID record for Astari Dwiranti [Opens in a new window] ,
Hideaki Takata Open the ORCID record for Hideaki Takata [Opens in a new window]  and
Kiichi Fukui Open the ORCID record for Kiichi Fukui [Opens in a new window]
Astari Dwiranti
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok Campus, 16404 West Java, Indonesia
Hideaki Takata
Affiliation:
Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
Kiichi Fukui*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
*
*Author for correspondence: Kiichi Fukui, E-mail: kfukui@bio.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp
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Abstract

The structural details of chromosomes have been of interest to researchers for many years, but how the metaphase chromosome is constructed remains unsolved. Divalent cations have been suggested to be required for the organization of chromosomes. However, detailed information about the role of these cations in chromosome organization is still limited. In the current study, we investigated the effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ depletion and the reversibility upon re-addition of one of the two ions. Human chromosomes were treated with different concentrations of Ca2+and Mg2+. Depletion of Ca2+ and both Ca2+ and Mg2+ were carried out using 1, 2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), respectively. Chromosome structure was examined by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that chromosome structures after treatment with a buffer without Mg2+, after Ca2+ depletion, as well as after depletion of both Mg2+, and Ca2+, yielded fewer compact structures with fibrous chromatin than those without cation depletion. Interestingly, the chromatin of EDTA-treated chromosomes reversed to their original granular diameters after re-addition of either Mg2+ or Ca2+ only. These findings signify the importance of divalent cations on the chromosome structure and suggest the interchangeable role of Ca2+ and Mg2+.

Keywords

calcium ion (Ca2+)chromosomeEDTAmagnesium ion (Mg2+)reversibilityscanning electron microscopy
Type
Micrographia
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , June 2019 , pp. 817 - 821
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2019 

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