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Comparative Study of the Measurement of Enamel Demineralization and Remineralization Using Transverse Microradiography and Electron Probe Microanalysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2014

Nathan J. Cochrane ,
Youichi Iijima ,
Peiyan Shen ,
Yi Yuan ,
Glenn D. Walker ,
Coralie Reynolds ,
Colin M. MacRae ,
Nicholas C. Wilson ,
Geoffrey G. Adams  and
Eric C. Reynolds
Nathan J. Cochrane
Affiliation:
Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, VIC 3010, Australia
Youichi Iijima
Affiliation:
Department of Oral Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Social Medicine, 1-7-1 sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
Peiyan Shen
Affiliation:
Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, VIC 3010, Australia
Yi Yuan
Affiliation:
Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, VIC 3010, Australia
Glenn D. Walker
Affiliation:
Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, VIC 3010, Australia
Coralie Reynolds
Affiliation:
Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, VIC 3010, Australia
Colin M. MacRae
Affiliation:
Microbeam Laboratory, CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
Nicholas C. Wilson
Affiliation:
Microbeam Laboratory, CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
Geoffrey G. Adams
Affiliation:
Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, VIC 3010, Australia
Eric C. Reynolds*
Affiliation:
Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, VIC 3010, Australia
*
*Corresponding author.e.reynolds@unimelb.edu.au
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Abstract

Transverse microradiography (TMR) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) are commonly used for characterizing dental tissues. TMR utilizes an approximately monochromatic X-ray beam to determine the mass attenuation of the sample, which is converted to volume percent mineral (vol%min). An EPMA stimulates the emission of characteristic X-rays from a variable volume of sample (dependent on density) to provide compositional information. The aim of this study was to compare the assessment of sound, demineralized, and remineralized enamel using both techniques. Human enamel samples were demineralized and a part of each was subsequently remineralized. The same line profile through each demineralized lesion was analyzed using TMR and EPMA to determine vol%min and wt% elemental composition and atomic concentration ratio information, respectively. The vol%min and wt% values determined by each technique were significantly correlated but the absolute values were not similar. This was attributable to the complex ultrastructural composition, the variable density of the samples analyzed, and the nonlinear interaction of the EPMA-generated X-rays. EPMA remains an important technique for obtaining atomic ratio information, but its limitations in determining absolute mineral content indicate that it should not be used in place of TMR for determining the mineral density of dental hard tissues.

Keywords

transverse microradiography (TMR)electron probe microanalyzer analysis (EPMA)remineralizationdemineralization
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 20 , Issue 3 , June 2014 , pp. 937 - 945
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2014 

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Footnotes

✠

We dedicate this work to the memory of Nathan J. Cochrane our friend and colleague. His dedication and passion for cariology was unmatched; his energy, enthusiasm and friendship will be sorely missed.

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