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Texture Analyses Show Synergetic Effects of Biomechanical and Biochemical Stimulation on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation into Early Phase Osteoblasts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 November 2013

So Hee Park ,
Ji Won Shin ,
Yun Gyeong Kang ,
Jin-Sook Hyun ,
Min Jae Oh  and
Jung-Woog Shin
So Hee Park
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Korea
Ji Won Shin
Affiliation:
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, 633-165, Korea
Yun Gyeong Kang
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Korea
Jin-Sook Hyun
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Korea
Min Jae Oh
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Korea
Jung-Woog Shin*
Affiliation:
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Korea Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, 633-165, Korea Institute of Aged Life Redesign/UHRC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 621-749, Korea
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: biomechshin@gmail.com
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Abstract

We investigated the structural complexity and texture of the cytoskeleton and nucleus in human mesenchymal stem cells during early phase differentiation into osteoblasts according to the differentiation–induction method: mechanical and/or chemical stimuli. For this, fractal dimension and a number of parameters utilizing the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) were calculated based on single-cell images after confirmation of differentiation by immunofluorescence staining. The F-actin and nuclear fractal dimensions were greater in both stimulus groups compared with the control group. The GLCM values for energy and homogeneity were lower in fibers of the F-actin cytoskeleton, indicating a dispersed F-actin arrangement during differentiation. In the nuclei of both stimulus groups, higher values for energy and homogeneity were calculated, indicating that the chromatin arrangement was chaotic during the early phase of differentiation. It was shown and confirmed that combined stimulation with mechanical and chemical factors accelerated differentiation, even in the early phase. Fractal dimension analysis and GLCM methods have the potential to provide a framework for further investigation of stem cell differentiation.

Keywords

mesenchymal stem cellsdifferentiationbiomimetic environmentscytoskeletonnucleusfractal dimensiongray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , February 2014 , pp. 219 - 227
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2014 

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