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Crystal chemistry and formation mechanism of non-stoichiometric monoclinic K-jarosites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

I. E. Grey ,
N. V. Y. Scarlett  and
H. E. A. Brand
I. E. Grey*
Affiliation:
CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Box 312 Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
N. V. Y. Scarlett
Affiliation:
CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Box 312 Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia
H. E. A. Brand
Affiliation:
Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
*
* E-mail: ian.grey@csiro.au
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Abstract

Syntheses in acidified hydrothermal (HT) solutions (1 N H2SO4 or stronger) produce monoclinic non-stoichiometric K-jarosites which contain Fe-site vacancies with long-range order. Syntheses in non-acidified HT solutions produce rhombohedral K-jarosites which contain relatively large numbers of Fe-site vacancies with no long-range order. Increasing the [Fe]/[K] ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time in non-acidified solutions promotes the formation of monoclinic jarosites which contain Fe-site vacancies with short-range order. A structural model including details of the ordering of the Fe-site vacancies was obtained by refinement of single-crystal synchrotron data from one of the HT synthesis products; this model was used to refine synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction data from products synthesized at different reaction times, temperatures and [Fe]/[K] ratios. Thermal and chemical analyses are consistent with a model for non-stoichiometry in which domains of stoichiometric jarosite are intergrown with butlerite-like iron-deficient domains with a composition [Fe2(SO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4]. It was found that heterogeneous nucleation of monoclinic jarosite on Si disks is preceded by the formation of an oriented film of Maus's Salt, K5Fe3O(SO4)6·10H2O, as a precursor phase, and that this transforms topotactically into oriented jarosite, which contains butlerite-like layers parallel to the disk surface. Structural models for the transformation of Maus's Salt into jarosite are proposed.

Keywords

monoclinic jarositenon-stoichiometric jarositesynchrotron single-crystal refinementsynchrotron powder data refinementjarosite formation mechanism
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 77 , Issue 3 , April 2013 , pp. 249 - 268
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2013

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