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Two-dimensional materials under electron irradiation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 January 2015

Litao Sun
Affiliation:
SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, China; slt@seu.edu.cn
Florian Banhart
Affiliation:
IPCMS, UMR 7504 CNRS, University of Strasbourg, France; florian.banhart@ipcms.unistra.fr
Jamie Warner
Affiliation:
Department of Materials, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; jamie.warner@materials.ox.ac.uk
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Abstract

This article reviews atomic-resolution in situ electron microscopy studies of two-dimensional materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and metal dichalcogenides with a focus on defect structures. Electron irradiation allows defect formation and atomic-resolution imaging at the same time by the same electron beam. Two-dimensional hexagonal lattices show unique mechanisms of defect reconstruction that do not appear in other materials. The combination of thermal annealing and irradiation, both adjustable in the electron microscope, sets a balance between equilibrium and nonequilibrium and allows for the generation of new structures and morphologies.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

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