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Recent Development of the Magnetic Shape Memory Materials Research in Finland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Outi Söderberg
Affiliation:
outi.soderberg@tkk.fi, TKK Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Espoo, Finland
Ilkka Aaltio
Affiliation:
ilkka.aaltio@tkk.fi, TKK Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Espoo, Finland
Yanling Ge
Affiliation:
yanling.ge@tkk.fi, TKK Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Espoo, Finland
Alexandr Soroka
Affiliation:
asoroka@cc.hut.fi, AdaptaMat Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
Raisa Niemi
Affiliation:
raisa.niemi@tkk.fi, TKK Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Espoo, Finland
Xuwen Liu
Affiliation:
xuwen.liu@tkk.fi, TKK Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Espoo, Finland
Simo-Pekka Hannula
Affiliation:
simo-pekka.hannula@tkk.fi, TKK Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Espoo, Finland
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Abstract

Ni-Mn-Ga based magnetic shape memory (MSM) materials have been studied since 1998 in Finland at the Helsinki University of Technology (TKK, previously HUT). The large HUT-MSM-project resulted in MSM-alloys with high service temperature, 10 % field-induced-strain, as well as circumstances when and how a Ni-Mn-Ga alloy exhibits this phenomenon. The understanding of the structure and behavior of twin boundaries, and their role, for example, in the vibration damping and long-term actuation has been enhanced in the recent projects. Twin boundaries have been studied by XRD, by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and by in-situ straining in TEM, the last one in co-operation with the Institute of Physics in Prague (ASCR-IP), Czech Republic. The results obtained by neutron diffraction in co-operation with Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin, Institute for Metal Physics (IMP), Kiev, and Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Grenoble, have given new crystallographic information. Damping of Ni-Mn-Ga polymer composites has been proved to be excellent at high stiffness levels with the loss factor = 0.6 at E ≈ 1 GPa. This research was carried out in co-operation with the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), USA. In the long-term actuation, a fatigue life of 2×109 has been recorded for a five-layered modulated Ni-Mn-Ga structure in mechanical cycling. The evolution of the MSM parameters during the long-term use is recorded and used as an input data for the models developed in the European MAFESMA co-operation. The search for alloys with wide stable thermal property range showing MSM effect has continued and alloys that are stable down to 4 K have been established. Modeling based on Ginsburg-Landau theory has been applied to evaluate aging and thermal fluctuations in the modulated Ni-Mn-Ga structures. As a commercial target, AdaptaMat Ltd. develops technology to produce Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory material with improved quality, lower twinning stress, longer fatigue life as well as lower cost and better availability for use in research and development.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2010

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