Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T15:55:37.861Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Do deviants live longer? Morphology and longevity in trachyleberidid ostracodes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2016

Lee Hsiang Liow*
Affiliation:
Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Hinds 269, Chicago, Illinois 60637. E-mail: lhliow@midway.uchicago.edu

Abstract

Persistent fossil taxa contravene paradigms of evolution: pervasive morphological change and taxic turnover. Comparative studies of taxic duration have often been approached from biogeographic, climatic, and ecological perspectives, with a focus on process. Here I use a morphological approach to study the pattern of longevity of a large family of marine living and fossil podocopid ostracodes, Trachyleberididae sensu lato. I test if geologically longer-lived genera are collectively morphologically more deviant from a group mean than their shorter-lived relatives by using both discrete morphological data and outline data. I discovered that long-lived genera are in general not significantly more or less morphologically deviant from the average morphology than their shorter-lived relatives. However, I found that contemporaneous subsets of long-lived trachyleberidids are often at least marginally significantly more deviant in discrete morphology than shorter-lived ones, especially in external morphology. No significant patterns of association between morphological deviation and durations in other subdivisions of the data emerged (i.e., whole data set, birth cohorts, groups of morphological characters, and outline data using both Fourier analysis and eigenshape analysis). This is in contrast to a previous finding that long-lived genera of crinoids within orders are often morphologically less deviant than their shorter-lived relatives than expected by chance.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Alexander, R. R. 1977. Generic longevity of articulate brachiopods in relation to the mode of stabilization on the substrate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 21:209226.Google Scholar
Anstey, R. L. 1978. Taxonomic survivorship and morphologic complexity in Paleozoic bryozoan genera. Paleobiology 4:407418.Google Scholar
Bachnou, A., Carbonnel, G., and Baoub, B. 1999. Hemicytherinae (Ostracods) morphometrics by outline mathematical modeling: systematic and phylogenetic applications. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences A (Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes) 328:197202.Google Scholar
Bachnou, A., Carbonnel, G., and Baoub, B. 2000. Le contour latéral des genres d'ostracodes: une équation. Application au sein des Trachyleberidinae. Geobios 33:377386.Google Scholar
Banerjee, A., and Boyajian, G. 1996. Changing biologic selectivity of extinction in the Foraminifera over the past 150 My. Geology 24:607610.Google Scholar
Baumiller, T. K. 1993. Survivorship analysis of Paleozoic Crinoidea: effect of filter morphology on evolutionary rates. Paleobiology 19:304321.Google Scholar
Boyajian, G., and Lutz, T. 1992. Evolution of biological complexity and its relation to taxonomic longevity in the Ammonoidea. Geology 20:983986.Google Scholar
Eisner, T. 2003. Living fossils: on lampreys, Baronia, and the search for medicinals. BioScience 53:265269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferson, S., Rohlf, F. J., and Koehn, R. K. 1985. Measuring shape variation of two- dimensional outlines. Systematic Zoology 34:5968.Google Scholar
Flessa, K. W., Powers, K. V., and Cisne, J. L. 1975. Specialization and evolutionary longevity in the Arthropoda. Paleobiology 1:7191.Google Scholar
Flynn, L. J., Barry, J. C., Morgan, M.E., Pilbeam, D., Jacobs, L. L., and Lindsay, E. H. 1995. Neogene Siwalik mammalian lineages—species longevities, rates of change, and modes of speciation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 115:249264.Google Scholar
Foote, M. 1997. The evolution of morphological diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28:129152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foote, M., and Raup, D. M. 1996. Fossil preservation and the stratigraphic ranges of taxa. Paleobiology 22:121140.Google Scholar
Fortey, R. A. 1980. Generic longevity in Lower Ordovician trilobites: relation to environment. Paleobiology 6:2431.Google Scholar
Gilinsky, N. L. 1994. Volatility and the Phanerozoic decline of background extinction intensity. Paleobiology 20:445458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gower, J. C. 1966. Some distance properties of latent root and vector methods used in multivariate analysis. Biometrika 53:325338.Google Scholar
Gruendel, J. 1975. Zur Entwicklung der Trachyleberididae (Ostracoda) im Jura. Zeitschrift für Geologische Wissenschaften 3:363374.Google Scholar
Hazel, J. E. 1967. Classification and distribution of the Recent Hemicytheridae and Trachyleberididae (Ostracoda) off northeastern North America. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 564.Google Scholar
International Commission on Stratigraphy. 2004. http://www.stratigraphy.org/ Google Scholar
Jablonski, D. 1986. Background and mass extinctions: the alternation of macroevolutionary regimes. Science 231:129133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jablonski, D. 1994. Extinctions in the fossil record. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 334:1116.Google Scholar
Jablonski, D., and Raup, D. M. 1995. Selectivity of end-Cretaceous marine bivalve extinctions. Science 268:389391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kammer, T. W., Baumiller, T. K., and Ausich, W. I. 1997. Species longevity as a function of niche breadth: evidence from fossil crinoids. Geology 25:219222.Google Scholar
Kammer, T. W., Baumiller, T. K., and Ausich, W. I. 1998. Evolutionary significance of differential species longevity in Osagean–Meramecian (Mississippian) crinoid clades. Paleobiology 24:155176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liow, L. H. 2004. A test of Simpson's “Rule of the survival of the relatively unspecialized” using fossil crinoids. American Naturalist 164:431443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lord, F. N. 1979. On Oligocythereis kostytschevkaensis (Lyubimova). Stereo-Atlas of Ostracod Shells 6:5562.Google Scholar
MacLeod, N. 1999. Generalizing and extending the eigenshape method of shape space visualization and analysis. Paleobiology 25:107138.Google Scholar
McKinney, M. L. 1997. Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28:495516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, R. D. 1992. Extinction selectivity and ecology in planktonic Foraminifera. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 95:117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parsons, P. A. 1994. Morphological stasis—an energetic and ecological perspective incorporating stress. Journal of Theoretical Biology 171:409414.Google Scholar
Pearson, P. N. 1992. Survivorship analysis of fossil taxa when real-time extinction rates vary: the Paleogene planktonic Foraminifera. Paleobiology 18:115131.Google Scholar
Rohlf, F. J. 1992. Elliptic Fourier analysis. http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/morph/ Google Scholar
Roy, K., and Foote, M. 1997. Morphological approaches to measuring biodiversity. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 12:277281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simpson, G. G. 1944. Tempo and mode in evolution. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Sylvester-Bradley, P. C. 1948. The ostracode genus Cythereis . Journal of Paleontology 22:792797.Google Scholar
van Morkhoven, F. P. C. M. 1963. Post-Palaeozoic Ostracoda: their morphology, taxonomy and economic use. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
van Valen, L. 1975. Group selection, sex, and fossils. Evolution 29:8794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vermeij, G. J. 1993. Biogeography of recently extinct marine species—implications for conservation. Conservation Biology 7:391397.Google Scholar
Viranta, S. 2003. Geographic and temporal ranges of Middle and Late Miocene carnivores. Journal of Mammalogy 84:12671278.Google Scholar
Ward, P. D., and Signor, P. W. 1983. Evolutionary tempo in Jurassic and Cretaceous Ammonites. Paleobiology 9:183198.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Liow supplementary material

Appendices

Download Liow supplementary material(File)
File 404 KB