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Clonal propagation and the fast generation of karyotype diversity: an in vitro Leishmania model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2006

J.-C. DUJARDIN ,
S. DE DONCKER ,
D. JACQUET ,
A.-L. BAÑULS ,
M. BALAVOINE ,
D. VAN BOCKSTAELE ,
M. TIBAYRENC ,
J. AREVALO  and
D. LE RAY
J.-C. DUJARDIN
Affiliation:
Unit of Molecular Parasitology, Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde, 155 Nationalestraat, B-2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
S. DE DONCKER
Affiliation:
Unit of Molecular Parasitology, Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde, 155 Nationalestraat, B-2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
D. JACQUET
Affiliation:
Unit of Molecular Parasitology, Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde, 155 Nationalestraat, B-2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
A.-L. BAÑULS
Affiliation:
Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS/IRD 2724, Montpellier, France
M. BALAVOINE
Affiliation:
Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS/IRD 2724, Montpellier, France
D. VAN BOCKSTAELE
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
M. TIBAYRENC
Affiliation:
Génétique et Evolution des Maladies Infectieuses, UMR CNRS/IRD 2724, Montpellier, France
J. AREVALO
Affiliation:
Departamento de Bioquimica, Biologia Molecular y Farmacologia, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofia and Instituto de Medicina Tropical ‘Alexander von Humboldt’, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, A.P. 5045, Lima 100, Peru
D. LE RAY
Affiliation:
Unit of Molecular Parasitology, Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde, 155 Nationalestraat, B-2000 Antwerpen, Belgium
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Abstract

In the present work we studied the karyotype stability during long-term in vitro maintenance in 3 cloned strains of Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and a hybrid between both species. Only the L. (V.) peruviana strain showed an unstable karyotype, even after subcloning. Four chromosomes were studied in detail, each of them characterized by homologous chromosomes of different size (heteromorphy). Variations in chromosome patterns during in vitro maintenance were rapid and discrete, involving loss of heteromorphy or appearance of additional chromosome size variants. The resulting pattern was not the same according to experimental conditions (subinoculation rate or incubation temperature), and interestingly, this was associated with differences in growth behaviour of the respective parasites. No change in total ploidy of the cells was observed by flow cytometry. We discuss several mechanisms that might account for this variation of chromosome patterns, but we favour the occurrence of aneuploidy, caused by aberrant chromosome segregation during mitosis. Our results provide insight into the generation of karyotype diversity in natural conditions and highlight the relativity of the clone concept in parasitology.

Keywords

Leishmania (Viannia) peruvianakaryotypehybridselectionploidypseudo-sexuality
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 134 , Issue 1 , January 2007 , pp. 33 - 39
Copyright
© 2006 Cambridge University Press

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