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Parasitology Parasitology

Article contents

Human infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and other related Strongyloides species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2016

THOMAS B. NUTMAN
THOMAS B. NUTMAN*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 4 – Room B1-03, 4 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-0425, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 4 – Room B1-03, 4 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-0425, USA. Tel: 301-496-5399. Fax: 301-480-3757. E-mail: tnutman@niaid.nih.gov
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Summary

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The majority of the 30–100 million people infected with Strongyloides stercoralis, a soil transmitted intestinal nematode, have subclinical (or asymptomatic) infections. These infections are commonly chronic and longstanding because of the autoinfective process associated with its unique life cycle. A change in immune status can increase parasite numbers, leading to hyperinfection syndrome, dissemination, and death if unrecognized. Corticosteroid use and HTLV-1 infection are most commonly associated with the hyperinfection syndrome. Strongyloides adult parasites reside in the small intestine and induce immune responses both local and systemic that remain poorly characterized. Definitive diagnosis of S. stercoralis infection is based on stool examinations for larvae, but newer diagnostics – including new immunoassays and molecular tests – will assume primacy in the next few years. Although good treatment options exist for infection and control of this infection might be possible, S. stercoralis remains largely neglected.

Keywords

StrongyloidiasisStrongyloides stercoralisautoinfectionhyperinfectionanthelmintic therapycorticosteroids
Type
Special Issue Review
Information
Parasitology , Volume 144 , Special Issue 3: Strongyloides , March 2017 , pp. 263 - 273
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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