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Simple dialkyl pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylates show in vitro and in vivo activity against disease-causing trypanosomatids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 April 2017

FELIPE REVIRIEGO ,
FRANCISCO OLMO ,
PILAR NAVARRO ,
CLOTILDE MARÍN ,
INMACULADA RAMÍREZ-MACÍAS ,
ENRIQUE GARCÍA-ESPAÑA ,
MARÍA TERESA ALBELDA ,
RAMÓN GUTIÉRREZ-SÁNCHEZ ,
MANUEL SÁNCHEZ-MORENO  and
VICENTE J. ARÁN
FELIPE REVIRIEGO
Affiliation:
Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
FRANCISCO OLMO
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
PILAR NAVARRO
Affiliation:
Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
CLOTILDE MARÍN
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
INMACULADA RAMÍREZ-MACÍAS
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
ENRIQUE GARCÍA-ESPAÑA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Institutos de Paterna, c/Profesor José Beltrán 22, 46980-Paterna (Valencia), Spain
MARÍA TERESA ALBELDA
Affiliation:
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Edificio de Institutos de Paterna, c/Profesor José Beltrán 22, 46980-Paterna (Valencia), Spain
RAMÓN GUTIÉRREZ-SÁNCHEZ
Affiliation:
Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, c/Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071-Granada, Spain
MANUEL SÁNCHEZ-MORENO*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
VICENTE J. ARÁN*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
*
*Corresponding authors: Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain. E-mail: vjaran@iqm.csic.es and Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. E-mail: msanchem@ugr.es
*Corresponding authors: Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain. E-mail: vjaran@iqm.csic.es and Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. E-mail: msanchem@ugr.es
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Summary

The synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of some simple dialkyl pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylates (compounds 2–6) and their sodium salts (pyrazolates) (compounds 7–9) against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis are reported. In most cases the studied compounds showed, especially against the clinically significant amastigote forms, in vitro activities higher than those of the reference drugs (benznidazole for T. cruzi and glucantime for Leishmania spp.); furthermore, the low non-specific cytotoxicities against Vero cells and macrophages shown by these compounds led to good selectivity indexes, which are 8–72 times higher for T. cruzi amastigotes and 15–113 times higher for Leishmania spp. amastigotes than those of the respective reference drugs. The high efficiency of diethyl ester 3 and its sodium salt 8 against the mentioned protozoa was confirmed by further in vitro assays on infection rates and by an additional in vivo study in a murine model of acute and chronic Chagas disease. The inhibitory capacity of compounds 3 and 8 on the essential iron superoxide dismutase of the aforementioned parasites may be related to the observed anti-trypanosomatid activity. The low acute toxicity of compounds 3 and 8 in mice is also reported in this article.

Keywords

pyrazoleTrypanosomaLeishmaniaantichagasic activityleishmanicidal activitycytotoxicity
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 144 , Issue 9 , August 2017 , pp. 1133 - 1143
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

‡

Present address: Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

§

Present address: Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Present address: GIBI 230, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.

References

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