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Summer time predation on the obligatory off-host stage of an invasive ectoparasite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2016

SIRPA KAUNISTO ,
ILKKA RAUNISMAA ,
RAINE KORTET  and
HANNU YLÖNEN
SIRPA KAUNISTO*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
ILKKA RAUNISMAA
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
RAINE KORTET
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
HANNU YLÖNEN
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Konnevesi Research Station, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
*
*Corresponding author. Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. E-mail: sirpa.kaunisto@uef.fi
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Summary

Predation can regulate populations and strongly affect invasion success of novel prey. The deer ked (Lipoptena cervi; Linnaeus 1758) is an invasive ectoparasite of cervids that spends a long period of its life cycle outside the host. Prior to this study, virtually nothing was known about natural summer time predation on the deer ked. We aimed to evaluate the magnitude of summer time predation on L. cervi pupae in different habitats and to identify potential predators. We conducted a set of field experiments, where we exposed L. cervi pupae to various ground-dwelling vertebrate and invertebrate predators. The loss of pupae was monitored for different predator guilds. Three habitats of the moose, the main host species, were studied: (1) moist heath forest; (2) dry, logged heath forest; and (3) moist meadow. The results indicate notable summer time predation on L. cervi pupae, and the pupal predation varied within and between habitats, being lowest in the meadow habitat. We found a positive correlation between pupal loss and abundance of the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara), harvestmen (Opiliones), ground spiders (Gnaphosidae) and Formicinae-ants. We conclude that summer time predation during the pupal phase can have a notable local importance for the L. cervi abundance.

Keywords

HippoboscidaeectoparasitismCervidaepopulation regulationpredatorpupasummer survival
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 143 , Issue 14 , December 2016 , pp. 1960 - 1973
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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