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The Animate and Mechanical Models of Reality

  • Joshua C. Gregory
Extract

Ben Jonson, writing before 1641 in Discoveries, observed that nature intends us no courtesies. The rivers carry our boats, the winds favour our sails, and the sunlight warms our bodies, by necessary motions that contain no kindliness. This represented, or expressed, though perhaps unwittingly and certainly without scientific precision, the mechanical version of physical nature that steadily prevailed during the seventeenth century.

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page 301 note 1 Carlyle, , Heroes and Hero-Worship, 1846, ed. 3, p. 27.

page 301 note 2 Kopp, , Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i, p. 47.

page 302 note 1 Vide Birch, The Works of the Hon. Boyle, Robert, 1772, iii, p. 589.

page 302 note 2 Essays of Jean Rey, 1630, Alembic Club Reprint, No. II, 1895, Ess. 17.

page 302 note 3 The Works of John Locke, ed. 12, 1824, ii, p. 430.

page 302 note 4 Lemery, , A Course of Chymistry, trans. Harris, , 1686, p. 49.

page 302 note 5 Locke, , Essay, III, vi. 29.

page 303 note 1 Metzger, , Les Doctrines Chimiques en France, etc., 1923, pp. 165 ff.

page 303 note 2 Boyle, , The Origine of Formes and Qualities, ed. 2, 1667, pp. 271–2; Birch, loc. cit., ii, pp. 61, 171; iv, p. 309; V, p. 410.

page 305 note 1 Bacon, , Adv. Learn., iii, 4; iv, 3; Nov. Org., ii, 12, 20, 48; Nat. Hist., i, 24; iii, 293; viii, 800; ix, 800.

page 305 note 2 Burtt, , The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Science, 1925, pp. 30 ff., 96 ff.

page 305 note 3 Boyle, loc. cit.; Birch, , loc. cit., iii, p. 598; iv, p. 163; v, p. 395.

page 306 note 1 Bacon, Nov. Org., i, 66; ii, I; The Wisdom of the Ancients, xvii, Cupid.

page 306 note 2 Birch, loc. cit., i, p. 498; Brett, , The Philosophy of Gassendi, 1908, p. xviii.

page 306 note 3 Galen, On the Natural Faculties, transl. Brock, 1916, Introd.; Thorndike, , A History of Magic and Exper. Science, etc., i, 1923, pp. 122 ff.

page 306 note 4 Aristotle, De Gener. et Corrupt., i, 2.

page 306 note 5 Haskins, , Studies in the History of Mediaval Science, 1924, p. 88.

page 306 note 6 Burtt, Vide, loc. cit., p. 90.

page 306 note 7 Birch, , loc. cit., i, p. 310.

page 307 note 1 Hobson, , The Domain of Natural Science, 1923, p. 153.

page 307 note 2 Bacon, , Nov. Org., i, 56; ii, 8.

page 307 note 3 Stillman, , The Story of Early Chemistry, 1924, pp. 379 f., 417.

page 307 note 4 Maxwell, Clerk, Scientific Papers, ed. Niven, , ii, 1890, p. 447.

page 307 note 5 Birch, , loc. cit., i, p. 355.

page 307 note 6 Lemery, loc. cit.

page 308 note 1 Locke, , Essay, IV, iii, 16 and 25.

page 308 note 2 Newtoni Opera, ed. Horsley, , iv, 1782, pp. 237, 260, 441.

page 308 note 3 Burtt, , loc. cit., Pref., pp. 120.

page 308 note 4 Bellarmin, , The Mind's Ascent to God, transl. Monialis, , Pref., Waggett, 1925, p. 12.

page 308 note 5 Broad, Vide, in Nature, 1926, 118, p. 523.

page 309 note 1 Birch, , loc. cit., iii, p. 278; iv, pp. 76 ff., 287; v, pp. 518 ff.; Boyle, loc. cit., Pref.

page 309 note 2 Bacon, , Nov. Org., i, 50; ii, 7, 8, 20, 24, 48.

page 309 note 3 Birch, , loc. cit., i, p. 116.

page 309 note 4 Boyle, , loc. cit., pp. 29 ff.

page 310 note 1 Rohault, , Traité de Physique, i, 1672, pp. 141 ff., 170 f., 226, 299, and Pref.

page 310 note 2 Birch, , loc. cit., iii, p. 278.

page 310 note 3 Cf. Locke, , Essay, II, xxxi, 6; III, viii, 2.

page 310 note 4 Boyle, , loc. cit., p. 101.

page 310 note 5 Ibid., loc. cit., p. 47.

page 310 note 6 Aristotle, , De Casio, iii, 4;De Gener. Corrupt, i, 8.

page 310 note 7 James, , A Medicinal Dictionary, 1743, atomus.

page 310 note 8 Snow, , Matter and Gravity in Newton’s Physical Philosophy, 1926, p. 87.

page 310 note 9 Aristotle, , De Calo, iii, 4;De Sensu, vi.

page 310 note 10 Boyle, , loc. cit., pp. 32, 167, 258 ff.

page 311 note 1 Taylor, Isaac, The World of Mind, 1857, p. 372.

page 311 note 2 Birch, , loc, cit., ii, p. 586; iv, p. 274.

page 311 note 3 Brett, , The Philosophy of Gassendi, 1908, p. 127.

page 311 note 4 Locke, , Essay, IV, iii, 6, 1214, 28–9.

page 311 note 5 Hobbes, , English Works, ed. Molesworth, i, 1839, pp. 6973.

page 311 note 6 Morgan, Lloyd, Emergent Evolution, 1923, p. 8.

page 311 note 7 Boyle, , loc. cit., p. 95.

page 312 note 1 Morgan, Lloyd, loc. cit., p. 3.

page 312 note 2 Aristotle, , On the Art of Poetry, trans. Bywater, , 1920, ch. 9.

page 312 note 3 Alexander, , Space, Time and Deity, 1920, i, p. 186; ii, pp. 8, 66.

page 312 note 4 Whitehead, , Science and the Modern World, 1926, p. 59.

page 313 note 1 Brett, , loc. cit., pp. 68, 92 ff.

page 313 note 2 Whitehead, loc. cit.

page 313 note 3 Smuts, , Holism and Evolution, 1926, pp. 180, 293, 319 ff.

page 313 note 4 Jeans, , in Nature, 1926,117, pp. 310 f.

page 314 note 1 Whitehead, , loc. cit., p. 185.

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