Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T08:37:57.314Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phenotypic characterization of Amaro coffee (Coffea arabica L.) local accessions using multi-variate techniques at Awada, Southern Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2022

Desalegn Alemayehu ,
Weyessa Garedew  and
Abush Tesfaye Abebe Open the ORCID record for Abush Tesfaye Abebe [Opens in a new window]
Desalegn Alemayehu
Affiliation:
Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
Weyessa Garedew
Affiliation:
Jimma University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Ethiopia
Abush Tesfaye Abebe*
Affiliation:
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
*
Author for correspondence: Abush Tesfaye Abebe, E-mail: At.Abebe@cgiar.org
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

As a country of origin of coffee, Ethiopia is endowed with an immense diversity of the crop in its diverse coffee-growing agro-ecologies. Amaro Kelo is one of the major coffee production agro-ecologies in Ethiopia, where the genetic diversity of its landrace coffee germplasm was not properly characterized previously. The study aimed to characterize 64 Amaro Kelo local coffee accessions to understand the potential of the accessions for utilization in future coffee genetic improvement efforts. The experiment was laid out in an 8 × 8 simple lattice design with two replications at Awada Agricultural Research Sub-Center. Data were collected on 19 quantitative and 10 qualitative traits, and subjected to multivariate analyses, i.e. cluster and principal component analyses. The cluster analysis identified five clusters based on the quantitative characters, and the distances between most of the clusters were highly significant at P < 0.01. Principal component analysis revealed the first six principal components with Eigenvalues greater than one accounted for 77.7% of the total variation. The first two principal components with respective contributions of 23.32 and 18.85% cumulatively accounted for 42.2% of the total variation in the accessions. In addition, high values of Shannon-diversity index were found for the qualitative traits: branching habit, growth habit, fruit shape, overall appearance and stem habit. In general, the multivariate analyses confirmed the presence of high variation among the studied Amaro-Kelo coffee accessions that might serve as an important genetic resource for future coffee genetic improvement or conservation efforts.

Keywords

ClusteringCoffee arabicaphenotypic characterizationprincipal componentShannon–Weaver index
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , February 2022 , pp. 46 - 54
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of NIAB

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adem, A (2009) Agro-Morphological Characterization of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Landrace Collected from Mesela, West Harerge, Ethiopia (M.Sc. Thesis). Submitted to Graduate Studies of Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia, 88pp.Google Scholar
Akpertey, A, Anim-Kwapong, E and Ofori, A (2019) Assessment of genetic diversity in Robusta coffee using morphological characters. International Journal of Fruit Science 19, 276–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alemseged, Y, Tesfaye, S, Taye, K and Endale, T (2015) Manual on Modern Coffee Tree Management. Amharic Version. EIAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 66p.Google Scholar
Atinafu, G, Mohammed, H and Kufa, T (2017) Genetic variability of Sidama coffee (Coffea arabica L.) landrace for agro-morphological traits at Awada. Southern Ethiopia Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research 5, 263–275.Google Scholar
Belachew, B (2000) Arabica Coffee Breeding for Yield and Resistance to Coffee Berry Disease (Colletotrichumkahawae sp.) (Ph.D. Thesis). Submitted to the Imperial College at Wye University of London, London, UK, p. 201.Google Scholar
Benti, T, Gebre, E, Tesfaye, K, Berecha, G, Lashermes, P, Kyallo, M and Yao, NK (2020) Genetic diversity among commercial arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties in Ethiopia using simple sequence repeat markers. Journal of Crop Improvement 35, 147–168. doi: 10.1080/15427528.2020.1803169CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berthaud, J and Charrier, A (1988) Genetic resources of Coffea. In Clarke, RJ and Macrae, R (eds), Coffee Agronomy. London: Elsevier Applied Science, pp. 1–41.Google Scholar
Central Statistical Agency (CSA) (2020) Agricultural Sample Survey: Report on Area and Production of Major Crops of Private Peasant Holdings for Meher Season of 2017. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Central Statistical Agency.Google Scholar
Chahal, GS and Gosal, SS (2002) Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding: Biotechnology and Conventional Approaches. New Delhi, India: Narosa Publishing House, p. 604.Google Scholar
Charrier, A and Berthaud, J (1985) Botanical classification of coffee. In Clifford, MN and Wilson, KC (eds), Coffee Botany, Biochemistry and Production of Beans and Beverage. London: Croom Helm, pp. 13–47.Google Scholar
Cliff, N (1988) The eigenvalues-greater-than-one rule and the reliability of components. Psychological Bulletin 103, 276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coffee Industry Statistics (2020) Global Coffee Industry Statistics and Consumption Trends – Updated for 2020. Coffee Industry Statistics. Available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics_of_coffee (Accessed 29 January 2021).Google Scholar
Copper, MC and Milligan, GW (1988) The effect of error on determining the number of clusters. Proceeding of International Workshop on Data Analysis, Decision Support and Expert Knowledge Representation in Marketing and Related Areas of Research, pp. 319–328.Google Scholar
Daba, G, Helsen, K, Berecha, G, Lievens, B, Debela, A and Honnay, O (2019) Seasonal and altitudinal differences in coffee leaf rust epidemics on coffee berry disease-resistant varieties in Southwest Ethiopia. Tropical Plant Pathology 44, 244–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, AP, Gole, TW, Baena, S and Moat, J (2012) The impact of climate change on indigenous Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica): Predicting future trends and identifying priorities. PLoS One, 7, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Vienne, D, Santon, S and Falque, M (2003) Principal sources of molecular markers. In Vienne, DD (ed.), Molecular Markers in Plant Genetics and Biotechnology. Plymouth, UK: Science Publishers, Inc., pp. 3–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engelmann, F, Dulloo, ME, Astorga, C, Dussert, S and Anthony, F (eds) (2007) Complementary Strategies for Ex Situ Conservation of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Genetic Resources. A Case Study in CATIE, Costa Rica. Rome, Italy: Topical reviews in Agricultural Biodiversity. Bioversity International, x + 63pp.Google Scholar
Geromel, C, Ferreira, LP, Guerreiro, SMC, Cavalari, AA, Pot, D, Pereira, LFP and Marraccini, P (2006) Biochemical and genomic analysis of sucrose metabolism during coffee (Coffea arabica) fruit development. Journal of Experimental Botany 57, 3243–3258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gessese, MK, Bellachew, B and Jarso, M (2015) Multivariate analysis of phenotypic diversity in the South Ethiopian coffee (Coffea arabica L.) for quantitative traits. Advances in Crop Science and Technology S1: 003.Google Scholar
Ghaderi, A, Adams, MW and Nassib, AM (1984) Relationship between genetic distance and heterosis for yield and morphological traits in dry edible bean and faba bean. Crop Science 24, 37–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gichimu, BM and Omondi, CO (2010) Morphological and characterization of five newly developed lines of Arabica coffee as compared to commercial cultivars in Kenya. International Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics 4, 238–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gizachew, A and Mohammed, H (2017) Agro-morphological characterization of sidama coffee (Coffea arabica L.) accessions accession under its specialty coffee growing area, Awada, Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Research Studies in Science, Engineering and Technology 4, 11–23.Google Scholar
Hameed, A, Hussain, SA, Ammar, S, Ansar, H and Suleria, R (2018) ‘Coffee bean-related’ agroecological factors affecting the coffee. In: J.-M. Merillon, K. G. Rmawat (Eds.), Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites. Reference series in Phytochemistry, Springer Nature, Switzerland AG 2018, pp. 1–67.Google Scholar
Hennink, S and Zeven, AC (1990) The interpretation of Nei and Shannon Weaver within population variation indices. Euphytica 51, 235–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hindorf, H and Omondi, CO (2011) A review of three major fungal diseases of Coffea arabica L. in the rainforests of Ethiopia and progress in breeding for resistance in Kenya. Journal of Advanced Research 2, 109–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Coffee Organization (ICO) (2018) Total Production by all Exporting Countries. International Coffee Organization, 222 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8HB. Available at http://www.ico.org/trade_statistics.asp.Google Scholar
International Coffee Organization (ICO) (2020) Total Production by All Exporting Countries. International Coffee Organization. 222 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8HB Available at http://www.ico.org/trade_statistics.asp.Google Scholar
IPGRI (1996) Descriptors for Coffee (Coffea spp and Psilanthus spp). Rome, Italy: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.Google Scholar
Kebede, M and Bellachew, B (2008) Phenotypic diversity in the hararge coffee (Coffea arabica L) accessions for quantitative traits. East African Journal of Sciences 2, 13–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labouisse, J-P, Bellachew, B, Kotecha, S and Bertrand, B (2008) Current status of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) genetic resources in Ethiopia: implications for conservation. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 55, 1079–1093.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lashermes, P, Combes, MC, Robert, J, Trouslot, PD, Hont, PA, Anthony, F and Carries, A (1999) Molecular characterization and origin of the Coffea arabica L. geneome. Molecular and General Genetics MGG 26, 259–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lashermes, P, Combes, MC, Ansaldi, C, Gichuru, E and Noir, S (2011) Analysis of alien introgression in coffee tree (Coffea arabica L.). Molecular Breeding 27, 223–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahalanobis, PC (1936) On the generalized distance in statistics. Proceedings of the National Institute of Science 2, 49–55.Google Scholar
Masreshaw (2018) Genetic Variability Study in Yayu Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Geremplasm Using Morphological Traits at Metu, Southwestern, Ethiopia (Thesis). Submitted to Graduate Studies of Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Olika, K, Sentayehu, A, Taye, K and Weyessa, G (2011) Genetic diversity analysis of limmu coffee (Coffea arabica L.) collection using quantitative traits in Ethiopia. International Journal of Agricultural Research 6, 470–481.Google Scholar
SAS (2013) Statistical Analysis System (Version 9.4). Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Seyoum, S (2003) Genetic Divergence for Seedling Parameters and Associations Among Agronomic Traits in the Ethiopian Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Accessions (M.Sc. Thesis). submitted to the School of graduate studies of Alemaya University, Alemaya, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Shannon, CE (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal 27, 379–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, RK and Chaudhary, BD (1987) Biometrical Methods in Quantitative Genetic Analysis. New Delhi-Ludhiana, India: Kalyani publishers, p. 318.Google Scholar
Tesfaye, S, Alemseged, Y, Taye, K, Endale, T and Anteneh, N (2006) Coffee Seedling Management and Production. Addis Abeba, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, 17p (Amharic version).Google Scholar
Tesfaye, K, Borsch, T, Govers, K and BeKelo, E (2007) Characterization of Coffea chloroplast microsatellites and evidence for the recent divergence of C. arabica and C. eugenioides chloroplast genomes. Genome 50, 1112–1129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2018) Coffee: World Markets and Trade. Foreign Agricultural service. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Office of Global Analysis, Washington D.C., USA.Google Scholar
Van der Graaff, NA (1981) Selection of Arabica Coffee Types Resistant to Coffee Berry Disease in Ethiopia. Wageningen: Mededelingen Londbovwhogeschola, p. 110.Google Scholar
Wrigley, G (1988) COFFEE: Tropical Agriculture Series, London. New York, USA: John Wiley & Son. Inc., 639p.Google Scholar
Yigzaw, D (2005) Assessment of Cup Quality, Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Diversity of Coffee arabica Genotypes of Ethiopia Thesis (Ph.D. Plant sciences (Plant breeding)). University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa, p. 197.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Alemayehu et al. supplementary material

Tables S1-S3

Download Alemayehu et al. supplementary material(File)
File 25.6 KB