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Inter-academic cooperation in the Arctic during the 1898–1901 Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition: Based on materials from the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives

Part of: Arctic Science Diplomacy in the Rapidly Changing World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2022

Olga V. Shabalina Open the ORCID record for Olga V. Shabalina [Opens in a new window]  and
Ksenia S. Kazakova Open the ORCID record for Ksenia S. Kazakova [Opens in a new window]
Olga V. Shabalina*
Affiliation:
Leading Research Fellow of Barents Centre of Humanities, FRC KSC RAS, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
Ksenia S. Kazakova
Affiliation:
Senior Research Fellow of Barents Centre of Humanities, FRC KSC RAS, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
*
Author for correspondence: Olga V. Shabalina, Email: oshabalina@yandex.ru
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Abstract

The article analyses the experience of international scientific cooperation in the Arctic in organising and conducting an academic Swedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition to the Spitsbergen archipelago in 1898–1901. This was one of the largest projects of its kind in history. The military and naval government agencies of the two countries were extremely interested in measuring the meridian arc near the Geographic North Pole. The fulfilment of this task made it possible to more accurately determine the shape of the Earth as a geoid. This was the significant and fundamental result of testing the hypothesis of the Newton–Huygens spheroid and was of applied importance. Funding for the expeditionary activities was carried out on a parity basis from the budgets of the two nations. The study of archival documents from the collections of the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives enabled an understanding of the unprecedented financial and physical costs of preparing and carrying out expeditionary work. Analysing inter-academic research of the late nineteenth – early twentieth centuries is valuable for understanding the potential interactions between the government and academic structures of international scientific cooperation in the Arctic during the modern era.

Keywords

ArcticInternational scientific cooperationSpitsbergenMeridian arc measurementSwedish–Russian Arc-of-Meridian expedition
Type
Research Article
Information
Polar Record , Volume 58 , 2022 , e14
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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