Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-sxzjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T09:53:11.762Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Sounding Arabic: postvernacular modes of performing the Arabic language in popular music by Israeli Jews

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2019

Oded Erez
Affiliation:
Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel E-mail: Oded.erez@biu.ac.il
Nadeem Karkabi
Affiliation:
University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel E-mail: nkarkabi@gmail.com

Abstract

Popular music in Israel has recently seen a surge in the use of Arabic in music made by Israeli-Jewish musicians. Most of these, although descendants of immigrants from Arab countries, never acquired Arabic at home or in school, owing to national ideology which sought to label Arabic as the language of the non-Jewish other. This article reveals and contextualises this recent trend, offering a typology of the ways in which musicians engage with Arabic, their motivations for doing so and the challenges that they face. Discussing musicians who approach Arabic as Jewish heritage, as an aesthetic repository, or even as mere sound, we identify these mobilisations of Arabic as postvernacular uses of language, which often privilege its non-semantic qualities. Observed in the context of Israeli–Arab enmity, this trend appears to have emerged surprisingly not in spite of, but partly because of, the decline in peace prospects.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Alshaer, A. 2012. ‘Language as culture: the question of Arabic’, in Arab Cultural Studies: Mapping the Field, ed. Sabry, T. (London, I.B. Tauris), pp. 275–96Google Scholar
Amara, M. 2002. ‘The place of Arabic in Israel’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 158, pp. 5368Google Scholar
Berger, H.M. 2003. ‘Introduction: the politics and aesthetics of language choice and dialect in popular music’, in Global Pop, Local Language, ed. Berger, H.M. and Carroll, M. (Jackson, MS, University Press of Mississippi), pp. ixxxviGoogle Scholar
Brinner, B. 2009. Playing Across a Divide: Israeli–Palestinian Musical Encounters (New York, Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
Certeau, M. 1984. The practice of everyday life (Berkeley, University of California Press)Google Scholar
Cohen, H. 2013. Tarpat/1929: Year Zero of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict (Hebrew) (Jerusalem, Keter)Google Scholar
Elkayam, N., and Cohen, A.H. 2017. Recorded Interview by the authors. Jerusalem, 7 March 2017Google Scholar
Erlmann, V. 1996. ‘The aesthetics of the global imagination: reflections on world music in the 1990s’, Public Culture, 8(3), pp. 467–87Google Scholar
Flam, G. 1986. ‘Beracha Zefira: a case study of acculturation in Israeli song’, Asian Music, 17(2), pp. 108–25Google Scholar
Font-Navarrete, D. 2016. ‘Ambient sound in sublime frequencies as art (and/or) ethnography’, in Punk Ethnography: Artists and Scholars Listen to Sublime Frequencies, ed. Veal, M.E. and Kim, E.T. (Middletown, CT, Wesleyan University Press), pp. 142–67Google Scholar
Halperin, L.R. 2006. ‘Orienting language: reflections on the study of Arabic in the yishuv’, Jewish Quarterly Review, 96(4), pp. 481–9Google Scholar
Hammond, A. 2007. Popular Culture in the Arab World: Arts, Politics, and the Media (Cairo, American University in Cairo Press)Google Scholar
Hirsch, D. 2011. ‘“Hummus is best when it is fresh and made by Arabs”: the gourmetization of hummus in Israel and the return of the repressed Arab’, American Ethnologist, 38(4), pp. 617–30Google Scholar
Horowitz, A. 2008. ‘Re-routing roots: Zehava Ben's journey between shuk and suk’, in The art of being Jewish in modern times. Eds. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. and Karp, J. (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press), pp. 129–43Google Scholar
Horowitz, A. 2010. Mediterranean Israeli Music and the Politics of the Aesthetic (Detroit, MI, Wayne State University Press)Google Scholar
Kaplan, D. 2012. ‘Institutionalized erasures: how global structures acquire national meanings in Israeli popular music’, Poetics, 40(3), pp. 217–36Google Scholar
Kheshti, R., 2015. Modernity's Ear: Listening to Race and Gender in World Music (New York, New York University Press)Google Scholar
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. 1995. ‘Theorizing heritage’, Ethnomusicology, 39(3), pp. 367–80Google Scholar
Kojaman, Y. 2001. The Maqam Music Tradition of Iraq (London, Y. Kojaman)Google Scholar
Langlois, T. 2015. ‘Jewish musicians and the “chanson oranaise” of Algeria,’ in Musical Exodus: Al-Andalus and its Jewish Diasporas, ed. Davis, R.F. (London, Scarecrow Press), pp. 141–64Google Scholar
Lebrun, B. 2012. ‘Carte de séjour: revisiting “Arabness” and anti-racism in 1980s France,Popular Music, 31(3), pp. 331–46Google Scholar
Levy, L. 2017. ‘The Arab Jew debates: media, culture, politics, history’, Journal of Levantine Studies, 7(1), pp. 79103Google Scholar
Maman, A. 2014. The Texture of Jewish Languages in North Africa (Hebrew) (Jerusalem, Mosad Bialik)Google Scholar
Marks, E. 2016. ‘New contexts and new audiences for piyyutim’, Musica Judaica, 21, pp. 113–32Google Scholar
Maurey, Y. 2009. ‘Dana International and the politics of nostalgia’, Popular Music, 28(1), pp. 85103Google Scholar
Mendel, Y. 2015. ‘Arabic language in Israel’ (Hebrew), Mafteʾakh: Lexical Review of Political Thought, 9, pp. 3152Google Scholar
Mendel, Y. 2017. ‘The Arabic language in Israel: official but inferior’, Ha ’aretz, 10 July 2017. https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-1.800398 (accessed 8 November 2017)Google Scholar
Mendel, Y., Yitzhaki, D., and Pinto, M. 2016. ‘Officially unrecognized: on the shaken state of Arabic language in Israel and the need to change it (Hebrew)’, Gilui Da'at, 10, pp. 1745Google Scholar
Perlson, I. 2006. Great Joy Tonight: Arab–Jewish Music and Mizrahi Identity (Hebrew) (Tel-Aviv, Resling)Google Scholar
Regev, M., and Seroussi, E. 2004. Popular Music and National Culture in Israel (Berkeley, CA, University of California Press)Google Scholar
Schneider, B., Sippola, E., and Levisen, C. 2017. ‘Introduction: language ideologies in music’, Language & Communication, 52, pp. 16Google Scholar
Seroussi, E. 2015 ‘Jewish musicians in the lands of Islam – an overview’, published online at Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/8425010/Jewish_Musicians_in_the_Lands_of_Islam_An_Overview (accessed 8 November 2017). [This is an updated version of: Seroussi, E. 2006. ‘Jewish musicians in the lands of Islam’, Tapasam, 1(3), pp. 596609.]Google Scholar
Shandler, J. 2005. Adventures in Yiddishland: Postvernacular Language and Culture (Berkeley, CA, University of California Press)Google Scholar
Shannon, J.H. 2015. ‘Jewish fingers and phantom musical presences: remembrance of Jewish musicians in 20th C. Aleppo, Syria’, in Musical Exodus: Al-Andalus and its Jewish Diasporas, ed. Davis, R.F. (London, Scarecrow Press), pp. 125140Google Scholar
Shefi, R. 2017. Recorded interview by the authors. Jerusalem, 12 February 2017Google Scholar
Shehadeh, H. 2000. ‘The influence of Arabic on modern Hebrew’, Langues et Linguistique, 5, pp. 5566Google Scholar
Shenhav, Y., and Hever, H. 2012. ‘“Arab Jews” after structuralism: Zionist discourse and the (de) formation of an ethnic identity’, Social Identities, 18(1), pp. 101–18Google Scholar
Shenhav, Y., Dallashi, M., Avnimelech, R., Mizrachi, N., and Mendel, Y. 2015. Command of Arabic among Israeli Jews (Jerusalem, Van Leer Institute)Google Scholar
Shohat, E. 1999. ‘The invention of the Mizrahim’, Journal of Palestine studies, 29(1), pp. 520Google Scholar
Swedenburg, T. 1997. ‘Saida Sultan/Danna International: transgender pop and the polysemiotics of sex, nation, and ethnicity on the Israeli-Egyptian border’, The Musical Quarterly, 81(1), pp. 81108Google Scholar
Talmon, R. 2000. ‘Arabic as a minority language in Israel’, in Arabic as a Minority Language, ed. Owens, J. (Berlin, Mouton De Gruyter), pp. 199220Google Scholar
Taylor, T.D. 1997. Global Pop: World Music, World Markets (New York, Routledge)Google Scholar
The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2009. ‘Jews by country of origin and age’, Statistical Abstract of Israel, Subject 2 table 24. Central Bureau of Statistics. http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/shnaton/templ_shnaton_e.html?num_tab=st02_24x&CYear=2009 (accessed 8 November 2017)Google Scholar
Uhlmann, A.J. 2010. ‘The subversion of Arabic instruction in Jewish schools in Israel’, Review of Middle East Studies, 44(2), pp. 139–51Google Scholar
Wasserman, S. 2012. ‘Oud aristocracy: Processes of canonization in the field of Oriental music in Israel and the crystallization of a cultural elite’, Ph.D. dissertation, Tel-Aviv UniversityGoogle Scholar
Woolard, K.A., and Schieffelin, B. 1994. ‘Language ideology’, Annual Review of Anthropology, 23(1), pp. 5582Google Scholar

Filmography

Gaon, Gili, Iraq ‘n’ Roll. Ruth Films. 2014Google Scholar