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Emergent Use of Twitter in the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 July 2013

Junko Umihara  and
Mariko Nishikitani
Junko Umihara*
Affiliation:
Department of Education, Hakuoh University, Tochigi, Japan
Mariko Nishikitani
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan
*
Correspondence: Junko Umihara, MD, PhD Hakuoh University 1117 Daigyouji, Oyamashi Tochigi 323-0041, Japan E-mail ujplanning@gmail.com
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Abstract

Introduction

Social networks play an important role in disaster situations as they have become a new form of social convergence that provides collective information. The effect of social media on people who experienced disaster should be assessed.

Hypothesis

In this study, Twitter communication during the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011 was assessed. The hypothesis of this study was that usage of Twitter had psychological effects on victims of the disaster.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in cooperation with a major Japanese newspaper three months after the disaster, and 1,144 volunteer participants responded. They were asked about their health, area of residence, property damage they had experienced, information sources they used at the time of the disaster, and their usage of Twitter. Further, the Twitter users were divided into two groups—with and without disaster experience. Their psychological effects relating to feelings of relief, stress or anxiety that they experienced in using Twitter were compared between two groups, and Twitter's psychological risk of disaster experience was estimated as an odds ratio.

Results

Twitter users in this study tended to reside in disaster-affected areas and thought Twitter was a credible information source during the time of the disaster. The psychological effect of Twitter differed based on participants’ disaster experience and gender. Females with disaster experience reported more feelings of relief and stress as a result of using Twitter compared to females who did not experience the disaster. On the other hand, males with disaster experience only reported more stress experiences as a result of using Twitter compared to those without disaster experience.

Conclusion

Twitter users with disaster experience had a higher usage of Twitter than those without disaster experience. Social media might have had a material psychological influence on people who experienced disaster, and the effect differed by gender. Regardless of gender, negative feelings were transmitted easily among people who experienced the disaster. It was anticipated that the application of Twitter in a disaster situation will be expanded further by taking these findings into consideration.

UmiharaJ, NishikitaniM. Emergent Use of Twitter in the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake. Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(5):1-7.

Keywords

emergency communicationpsychological effectsocial mediaTwitter
Type
Original Research
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 28 , Issue 5 , October 2013 , pp. 434 - 440
Copyright
Copyright © World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2013 

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