We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
Sternoclavicular dislocation usually requires a Computed Tomography (CT) scan and surgery. This injury is rare because costoclavicular ligaments are strong. They appear in motorcycle accidents and sports collisions. Compression of the neurovascular structures or trachea involving the vital prognosis is not rare. Practitioners must be aware of symptoms such as dysphagia, dyspnea, hoarseness, or neurologic disorders. On the printing of thoracic standards, the medial clavicle appears misplaced superiorly in previous dislocations and posterior inferior dislocations. Fracture of the scapula (less than 1% of all fractures) rarely requires surgery, but should not be ignored because they signal a very high-energy trauma. The posterior shoulder dislocation is 2–4% of all delayed dislocations. Diagnosis is most often attributed to inadequate x-ray photographs. The main causes of this dislocation are epilepsy and electrocution. Radiography in front and profile observed a duplication of the humeral head. Joint space is not completely in view, and the CT scan can confirm the diagnostic if there is any doubt. Fracture of the clavicle is common in young patients. Fractures with lesions of the clavicular vessels and nerves are common. Practitioners also must be wary of intermediate fragments, which can puncture skin. Pneumothorax should always be excluded by a complete chest auscultation. The stump of the shoulder must be minimized in young patients, or an active patient operative indication can have negative functional and aesthetic consequences. Neurovascular examination must be complete, and circonflex nerve damage should not be confused with injury of the rotator cuff. These two injuries reduce abduction. The elbow is complex and a number of lesions could be missed, including: (1) the tip of the coronoid process; (2) epitrochlea and epicondyle; (3) radial head fractures; or (4) pullout capitelum.
To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about sending to your Kindle.
Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.
To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Dropbox.
To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Google Drive.
Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection.
