Skip to main content
×
×
Home

Exploring the Hidden Depths of Tara’s Hinterland: Geophysical Survey and Landscape Investigations in the Meath–North Dublin Region, Eastern Ireland

  • Ger Dowling (a1)
Abstract

This paper explores how geophysical survey, undertaken in conjunction with landscape and historical analysis, is contributing to a deeper understanding of prehistoric focal centres and landscape organisation in the wider ‘hinterland’ of the Hill of Tara, Co. Meath. Arising out of the Discovery Programme’s ‘Late Iron Age and ‘Roman’ Ireland’ (LIARI) Project, the present investigations targeted a number of prominent hilltop sites in the Meath–north Dublin region suspected, on the basis of archaeological, topographical, and early documentary evidence, to have been important ceremonial/political centres in later prehistory. Foremost among these are the Hill of Lloyd (Co. Meath), the location of a prehistoric enclosure overlooking the early monastic foundation at Kells; Faughan Hill (Co. Meath), the traditional burial place of Niall of the Nine Hostages; and Knockbrack (Co. Dublin), whose summit is crowned by a large, internally-ditched enclosure with central burial mound. The discovery through this multi-disciplinary study of additional large-scale enclosures, burial monuments, and other significant archaeological features serves to further corroborate the deep historical importance of these sites, and opens up new avenues for exploring such themes as territoriality, social organisation, and identity in the wider Tara region.

Exploration des profondeurs cachées de l’arrière-pays de Tara:prospection géophysique et études du paysage dans le comté de Meath- région de Dublin nord, Irlande de l’est, de Ger Dowling

Cette étude explore comment une prospection géophysique entreprise conjointement avec une analyse du paysage et de l’histoire, contribue à une compréhension plus profonde des centres préhistoriques importants et de l’organisation du paysage dans le cadre plus étendu de l’arrière-pays de la colline de Tara, comté de Meath. Résultant du projet ‘Irlande de l’âge du fer tardif et romaine’ (LIARI), du programme de découverte, les études actuelles ont eu pour cible un nombre de sites de sommet de colline proéminents dans le Meath, région de Dublin nord qui, nous doutions nous, sur la base de témoignages archéologiques, topographiques et de documents anciens, avaient été d’importants centres cérémoniels et politiques de la préhistoire tardive. Parmi eux, les principaux étaient la colline de Hill of Lloyd (comté de Meath), site d’un enclos préhistorique dominant l’ancienne fondation monastique de Kells ;la colline de Faughan Hill (comté de Meath), selon la tradition lieu d’inhumation de Niall des Neuf Otages ; et Knockbrack (comté de Dublin) dont le sommet est couronné d’un grand enclos à fossé intérieur avec tertre funéraire central. La découverte, grâce à cette étude pluri-disciplinaire, de nouveaux enclos de grande taille, monuments funéraires et autres vestiges archéologiques d’une importance considérable vient à nouveau confirmer l’extrème importance historique de ces sites et ouvre de nouvelles voies à l’exploration de thèmes tels que territorialité, organisation sociale et identité dans la région plus étendue de Tara.

Die Erforschung der verborgenen Tiefen von Taras Hinterland: Geophysikalische Surveys und Landschaftsuntersuchungen in der Region Meath-Norddublin, Ostirland, von Ger Gowling

Dieser Beitrag verfolgt, wie geophysikalische Surveys, die in Verbindung mit historischen und Landschaftsanalysen durchgeführt wurden, zu einem tieferen Verständnis prähistorischer zentraler Orte und Landschaftsstrukturen im weiteren Hinterland des Hill of Tara, Co. Meath, beitragen. Entstanden aus dem Projekt „Late Iron Age and ‚Roman’ Ireland” (LIARI – Späteisenzeitliches und „römisches” Irland) des Discovery Programme, zielten die jüngsten Untersuchungen auf eine Anzahl prominenter Höhensiedlungen in der Region Meath–Norddublin, die auf Grundlage archäologischer, topographischer und früher schriftlicher Belege als wichtige zeremonielle bzw. politische Zentren der jüngeren Vorgeschichte in Betracht gezogen wurden. Bedeutsam sind hier vor allem der Hill of Loyd (Co. Meath), der Ort einer prähistorischen Grabenanlage, die die frühe monastische Gründung von Kells überblickt; Faughan Hill (Co. Meath), der traditionell als Bestattungsplatz von Niall of the Nine Hostages gilt; und Knockbrack (Co. Dublin), dessen Gipfel von einer großen, innen mit Graben versehenen Einfriedung mit zentralem Hügelgrab gekrönt wird. Die im Rahmen dieses multidisziplinären Projektes gelungene Entdeckung zusätzlicher großflächiger Wall/Grabenanlagen, Grabanlagen und weiterer bedeutender archäologischer Fundstellen hilft, die tiefe historische Bedeutung dieser Plätze weiter zu untermauern, und zeigt neue Wege auf für die Erforschung solcher Themen wie Territorialität, soziale Organisation und Identität in der weiteren Region von Tara.

Explorando las profundidades ocultas del entorno de Tara: prospecciones geofísicas y análisis del paisaje en la región de Meath-norte de Dublín, Irlanda del Este, por Ger Dowling

En este artículo se explora cómo la prospección geofísica, junto con el análisis histórico y del paisaje, contribuye a una mayor comprensión de los centros prehistóricos y de la organización del paisaje en el entorno del “hinterland” de Tara, Condado de Meath. Surgidas a partir del proyecto “Final de la Edad del Hierro y la Irlanda Romana (LIARI)”, las investigaciones actuales se han centrado en yacimientos situados sobre colinas prominentes de la región de Meath-norte de Dublín y que, en base a la evidencia arqueológica, topográfica y documental, parecen constituir importantes centros ceremoniales o políticos al final de la Prehistoria. Entre ellos destacan la Colina de Lloyd (Condado de Meath), en el que se localiza un recinto prehistórico ignorado por la temprana fundación monástica en Kells; Faughan Hill (Condado de Meath), el tradicional lugar de enterramiento de Niall of the Nine Hostages; y Knockbrack (Condado de Dublin) cuya cima está coronada por un gran recinto compartimentado mediante zanjas y con túmulo funerario central.El descubrimiento de nuevos recintos de grandes dimensiones, de monumentos funerarios y de otras evidencias arqueológicas relevantes gracias a este estudio multidisciplinar, contribuye a corroborar la importancia histórica de estos sitios, y abre nuevos caminos para explorar temas como la territorialidad, la organización social y la identidad en la amplia región de Tara.

Copyright
References
Hide All
Bateson, J.D. 1973. Roman material in Ireland: a re-consideration. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 51C, 2197
Bhreathnach, E. 1995. Tara: a select bibliography. Discovery Programme Monograph 1. Dublin: Discovery Programme/Royal Irish Academy
Bhreathnach, E. 1996. Temoria: Caput Scotorum? Ériu 47, 6788
Bhreathnach, E. 2005a. The medieval kingdom of Brega. In Bhreathnach (ed.) 2005b, 410–22
Bhreathnach, E. (ed.). 2005b. The Kingship and Landscape of Tara. Dublin: Discovery Programme/Four Courts Press
Bhreathnach, E. 2011. Transforming kingship and cult: the provincial ceremonial capitals in early medieval Ireland. In Schot et al. (eds) 2011, 126–48
Bhreathnach, E. 2014. Ireland in the Medieval World, AD 400–1000: landscape, kingship and religion. Dublin: Four Courts Press
Binchy, D.A. 1958. The fair of Tailtiu and the feast of Tara. Ériu 18, 113138
Byrne, F. J. 1973. Irish Kings and High-kings. Dublin: Four Court Press (repr. 2001)
Byrne, G. 1987. Kells, Townparks: environs of monastic site: www.excavations.ie, summary accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland
Byrne, G. 1988. Kells, Townparks: environs of monastic site: www.excavations.ie, summary accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland
Cahill Wilson, J., Standish, C. & O’Brien, E. 2014a. Investigating mobility and migration in the later Irish Iron Age. In Late Iron Age and ‘Roman’ Ireland, 127151. Dublin: Discovery Programme Report 8, Wordwell
Cahill Wilson, J., Cooney, G., Dowling, G & Elliott, I. 2014b. Investigations on Lambay, Co. Dublin. In Late Iron Age and ‘Roman’ Ireland, 91112. Dublin: Discovery Programme Report 8, Wordwell
Carr, W. 2000. Loyd, townland and commons. In L. McNiffe (ed.), Studies in Local History: Meath, 99110. Navan: Costello Print
Charles-Edwards, T.M. 1999. The Britons in Ireland, c. 550–800. In J. Carey, J.T. Koch & P.-Y Lambert (eds), Ildánach Ildírech: a festschrift for Proinsias Mac Cana, 1526. Andover & Aberystwyth: Celtic Studies Publications
Charles-Edwards, T.M. 2000. Early Christian Ireland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Cooney, G. 2004. Neolithic worlds: islands in the Irish Sea. In V. Cummings & C. Fowler (eds), The Neolithic of the Irish Sea: materiality and traditions of practice, 145159. Oxford: Oxbow Books
Coughlan, T. 2010. M3 Clonee – North of Kells Motorway Scheme, Archaeological Services Contract 4 Navan to Kells and Kells Bypass. E3126: Phoenixtown 5, Ministerial Direction Ref. No.: A029/. Unpublished final excavation report submitted to Meath County Council and the National Roads Authority
Cunliffe, B. 2001. Facing the Ocean: the Atlantic and its peoples 8000 bcad 1500. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Dowling, G. 2011. The architecture of power: an examination of the origins of closely spaced multivallate monuments in Ireland. In Schot et al. (eds) 2011, 213–31
Dowling, G. 2014a. Geophysical investigations at Drumanagh and Loughshinny, north County Dublin. In Late Iron Age and ‘Roman’ Ireland, 5990. Dublin: Discovery Programme Report 8
Dowling, G. 2014b. Landscape and settlement in late Iron Age Ireland: some emerging trends. In Late Iron Age and ‘Roman’ Ireland, 151174. Dublin: Discovery Programme Report 8, Wordwell
Eogan, G. 2006. Some archaeological sites at Tailteann and environs, Co. Meath. Ríocht na Midhe 17, 1631
Fenwick, J. & Newman, C. 2002. Geomagnetic survey on the Hill of Tara, Co. Meath. In Discovery Programme Report 6, 118. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy
Goodwillie, R. & Fahy, E. 1973. A Preliminary Report on Areas of Scientific Interest in County Dublin. Conservation & Amenity Advisory Service. Dublin: An Foras Forbartha
Graham, B.J. 1975. Anglo-Norman settlement in Co. Meath. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 75C, 223250
Grogan, E. 2008. The Rath of the Synods, Tara, Co. Meath: excavations by Seán P. Ó Riordáin. Dublin: Wordwell
Gwynn, E. (ed. & trans.) 1906. The Metrical Dindshenchas II, Todd Lecture Series 9. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (repr. 1991)
Hartnett, P.J. 1957. Excavation of a passage grave at Fourknocks, Co. Meath. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 58C, 197277
Hartnett, P.J. 1971. The excavation of a passage grave at Fourknocks, Co. Meath. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 71C, 3589
Healy, J. 1891. Report from Rev. Dr Healy, Local Secretary for north Meath. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, 594595
Healy, P. 1975. Report on Monuments and Sites of Archaeological Interest in County Dublin. Dublin: An Foras Forbatha Tearanta
Hencken, H.O’N & Movius, H.L. 1934. The cemetery–cairn of Knockast. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 41C, 232284
Keeling, D. 1983. A group of tumuli and a hill-fort near Naul, County Dublin. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 113, 6774
Kelly, E.P. 2002. Antiquities from Irish Holy Wells and their wider context. Archaeology Ireland 169(2), 2428
Kilbride-Jones, H. & Monks, W. 2011. Courtlough, Co. Dublin, E1059. In M. Cahill & M. Sikora (eds), Breaking Ground, Finding Graves – Reports on the Excavations of Burials by the National Museum of Ireland, 1927–2006 1, 167176. Dublin: Wordwell
Kyle, J. 2010. M3 Clonee – North of Kells Motorway Scheme, Archaeological Services Contract 4, Navan to Kells and Kells Bypass. E3153: Newrath Little 3, Ministerial Direction Ref. No.: A029/. Unpublished final excavation report submitted to Meath County Council and the National Roads Authority
Lyne, E. 2010a. M3 Clonee – North of Kells Motorway Scheme, Archaeological Services Contract 4, Navan to Kells and Kells Bypass. E3128: Phoenixtown 1, Ministerial Direction Ref. No.: A029/. Unpublished final excavation report submitted to Meath County Council and the National Roads Authority
Lyne, E. 2010b. M3 Clonee – North of Kells Motorway Scheme, Archaeological Services Contract 4, Navan to Kells and Kells Bypass. E3130: Phoenixtown 3, Ministerial Direction Ref. No.: A029/. Unpublished final excavation report submitted to Meath County Council and the National Roads Authority
Mac Airt, S. & Mac Niocaill, G. (eds & trans) 1983. The Annals of Ulster (to ad 1131). Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
MacDonald, P. 2011. Knock Dhu, Ballyhackett. In I. Bennett (ed.), Excavations 2008: summary accounts of archaeological excavations in Ireland, 383386. Dublin: Wordwell
MacNeill, M. 1962. The Festival of Lughnasa. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Mitchell, F. & Ryan, M. 2003. Reading the Irish Landscape. Dublin: Town House
Moore, M. (ed.). 1987. Archaeological Inventory of County Meath. Dublin: Stationery Office
Moore, M. 1996. Commons of Lloyd: multivallate hillfort. Topographical Files, Archaeological Survey of Ireland, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht
Morris, H. 1926. The battle of Ocha and the burial place of Niall of the Nine Hostages. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 16, 2942
Morris, H. 1939. Some places in the metrical dindsenchus. Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 69, 179189
Mullins, G. 2009. N6 Galway to Ballinasloe PPP Scheme, Archaeology Contract 3, Phase 2 final report. Ministerial Directions: A041, Excavation Registration No: E2006, Rahally, Co. Galway, hillfort, ringforts and field system. Unpublished report submitted to Galway County Council and the National Roads Authority
Neary, P. 2003. Archaeological Testing and Monitoring at Hill of Lloyd, Co. Meath (Licence Number 03E1778). Unpublished report for Vodafone and the National Monuments Service
Newman, C. 1997. Tara: an archaeological survey. Discovery Programme Monograph 2. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy
Newman, C. 1998. Reflections on the making of a ‘royal site’ in early Ireland. World Archaeology 30(1), 127141
Newman, C. 2005. Re-composing the archaeological landscape of Tara. In Bhreathnach (ed.) 2005b, 361–409
Newman, C. 2007. Procession and symbolism at Tara: analysis of Tech Midchúarta (the Banqueting Hall) in the context of the sacral campus. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 26(4), 415438
Newman, C. 2011. The sacral landscape of Tara. In Schot et al. (eds) 2011, 22–43
Ní Bhrolcháin, M. 2011. Death tales of the early kings of Tara. In Schot et al. (eds), 2011, 44–65
O’Brien, E. 2003. Burial practices in Ireland, first to seventh centuries ad . In J. Downes & A. Ritchie (eds), Seachange: Orkney and northern Europe in the late Iron Age, ad 300–800, 6272. Balgavies: Pinkfoot Press
Ó Lochlainn, C. 1940. Roadways in ancient Ireland. In J. Ryan (ed.), Féil-sgríbhinn Eóin Mhic Néill: essays and studies presented to Professor Eoin MacNeill, 465474. Dublin: Sign of the Three Candles
Ó Riain, P. 1974. Battle-site and territorial extent in early Ireland. Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie 233, 6780
Ó Ríordáin, S. P. 1942. The excavation of a large earthen ring-fort at Garranes, Co. Cork. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 47C, 77150
Ó Ríordáin, S.P. & Hartnett, P. J. 1943. The excavations at Ballycatteen Fort, Co. Cork. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 49C, 143
O’Sullivan, M. 2005. Duma na nGiall, Tara, The Mound of the Hostages. Dublin: Wordwell
Raftery, B. 1994. Pagan Celtic Ireland. London: Thames & Hudson
Raftery, J. 1960/1961. A Bronze Age tumulus at Corrower, Co. Mayo. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 61C, 7993
Reilly, S. & Ginn, V. 2008. M3 Clonee – North of Kells, Contract 5 Kells – North of Kells, report on the archaeological excavation of Calliaghstown 2, Co. Meath. Ministerial Directions No. A030/003, E3165. Unpublished final excavation report submitted to Meath County Council and the National Roads Authority
Roche, H. 2002. Excavations at Ráith na Ríg, Tara, Co. Meath, 1997. Discovery Programme Report 6, 1982. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy
Russell, I. & Ginn, V. 2008. M3 Clonee – North of Kells, Contract 5 Kells – North of Kells, report on the archaeological excavation of Boolies 2, Co. Meath. Ministerial Directions No. A030/004, E3166. Unpublished final excavation report submitted to Meath County Council and the National Roads Authority
Schot, R., Newman, C. & Bhreathnach, E. (eds). 2011. Landscapes of Cult and Kingship. Dublin: Four Courts Press
Swan, L. 1998. Teltown: an ancient assembly site in County Meath. Dublin: Archaeology Ireland Heritage Guide 3
Swift, C. 2000. Óenach Tailten, the Blackwater Valley and the Uí Neill kings of Tara. In A.P. Smyth (ed.), Seanchas: studies in early and medieval Irish archaeology, history and literature in honour of Francis J. Byrne, 109120. Dublin: Four Courts Press
Waddell, J. 1991/2. The Irish Sea in prehistory. Journal of Irish Archaeology 6, 2940
Waddell, J., Fenwick, J. & Barton, K. 2009. Rathcroghan: archaeological and geophysical survey in a ritual landscape. Dublin: Wordwell
Whitty, Y. 2012. Iron Age ring-ditch at Commons of Lloyd, Kells, Co. Meath. In C. Corlett & M. Potterton (eds), Life and Death in Iron Age Ireland in the Light of Recent Archaeological Excavations, 327330. Dublin: Wordwell
Recommend this journal

Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection.

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
  • ISSN: 0079-497X
  • EISSN: 2050-2729
  • URL: /core/journals/proceedings-of-the-prehistoric-society
Please enter your name
Please enter a valid email address
Who would you like to send this to? *
×

Keywords:

Metrics

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 7
Total number of PDF views: 43 *
Loading metrics...

Abstract views

Total abstract views: 325 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between September 2016 - 13th June 2018. This data will be updated every 24 hours.