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Effects of childhood trauma on left inferior frontal gyrus function during response inhibition across psychotic disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2017

Y. Quidé ,
N. O'Reilly ,
O. J. Watkeys ,
V. J. Carr  and
M. J. Green
Y. Quidé
Affiliation:
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
N. O'Reilly
Affiliation:
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
O. J. Watkeys
Affiliation:
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
V. J. Carr
Affiliation:
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
M. J. Green*
Affiliation:
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia ARC Centre for Cognition and its Disorders (CCD), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Associate Professor M. J. Green, E-mail: melissa.green@unsw.edu.au
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Abstract

Background

Childhood trauma is a risk factor for psychosis. Deficits in response inhibition are common to psychosis and trauma-exposed populations, and associated brain functions may be affected by trauma exposure in psychotic disorders. We aimed to identify the influence of trauma-exposure on brain activation and functional connectivity during a response inhibition task.

Methods

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain function within regions-of-interest [left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right supplementary motor area, right inferior parietal lobule and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex], during the performance of a Go/No-Go Flanker task, in 112 clinical cases with psychotic disorders and 53 healthy controls (HCs). Among the participants, 71 clinical cases and 21 HCs reported significant levels of childhood trauma exposure, while 41 clinical cases and 32 HCs did not.

Results

In the absence of effects on response inhibition performance, childhood trauma exposure was associated with increased activation in the left IFG, and increased connectivity between the left IFG seed region and the cerebellum and calcarine sulcus, in both cases and healthy individuals. There was no main effect of psychosis, and no trauma-by-psychosis interaction for any other region-of-interest. Within the clinical sample, the effects of trauma-exposure on the left IFG activation were mediated by symptom severity.

Conclusions

Trauma-related increases in activation of the left IFG were not associated with performance differences, or dependent on clinical diagnostic status; increased IFG functionality may represent a compensatory (overactivation) mechanism required to exert adequate inhibitory control of the motor response.

Keywords

Childhood traumafMRIGo/No-Go Flanker taskpsychosis
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 48 , Issue 9 , July 2018 , pp. 1454 - 1463
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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