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Radiocarbon Dating of Late Pleistocene Marine Shells from the Southern North Sea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2016

F S Busschers ,
F P Wesselingh ,
R H Kars ,
M Versluijs-Helder ,
J Wallinga ,
J H A Bosch ,
J Timmner ,
K G J Nierop ,
T Meijer  and
F P M Bunnik
...Show all authors
F S Busschers*
Affiliation:
TNO – Geological Survey of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
F P Wesselingh
Affiliation:
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
R H Kars
Affiliation:
Centre for Luminescence Dating, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft, the Netherlands
M Versluijs-Helder
Affiliation:
Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
J Wallinga
Affiliation:
Centre for Luminescence Dating, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft, the Netherlands Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
J H A Bosch
Affiliation:
TNO – Geological Survey of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
J Timmner
Affiliation:
TNO – Applied Environmental Chemistry, Utrecht, the Netherlands
K G J Nierop
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences – Geochemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
T Meijer
Affiliation:
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands WMC Kwartair Consultants, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
F P M Bunnik
Affiliation:
TNO – Geological Survey of the Netherlands, Utrecht, the Netherlands
H De Wolf
Affiliation:
WMC Kwartair Consultants, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
*
2. Corresponding author. Email: freek.busschers@tno.nl.
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Abstract

This article presents a set of Late Pleistocene marine mollusk radiocarbon (AMS) age estimates of 30–50 14C kyr BP, whereas a MIS5 age (>75 ka) is indicated by quartz and feldspar OSL dating, biostratigraphy, U-Th dating, and age-depth relationships with sea level. These results indicate that the 14C dates represent minimum ages. The age discrepancy suggests that the shells are contaminated by younger carbon following shell death. The enigmatic 14C dates cannot be “solved” by removing part of the shell by stepwise dissolution. SEM analysis of the Late Pleistocene shells within a context of geologically younger (recent/modern, Holocene) and older (Pliocene) shells shows the presence of considerable amounts of an intracrystalline secondary carbonate precipitate. The presence of this precipitate is not visible using XRD since it is of the same (aragonitic) polymorph as the original shell carbonate. The combination of nanospherulitic-shaped carbonate crystals, typical cavities, and the presence of fatty acids leads to the conclusion that the secondary carbonate, and hence the addition of younger carbon, has a bacterial origin. As shell material was studied, this study recommends an assessment of possible bacterial imprints in other materials like bone collagen as well.

Type
Articles
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 56 , Issue 3 , 2014 , pp. 1151 - 1166
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

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