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The metropolis in retrospect From the trading metropolis to the global metropolis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2016

Lise Bourdeau-Lepage  and
Jean-Marie Huriot
Jean-Marie Huriot
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'Économie et de Gestion (LEG) UMR CNRS 5118
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Summary

Metropolization is not a new phenomenon: metropolises have been around for centuries. The prime and permanent function of a metropolis is the coordination of economic activities at a world scale. This function has been applied to different activities in history, depending on technological conditions and economic organization, and consequently it generated different forms of metropolises. The resulting continuities and discontinuities in the metropolises' evolution can be understood in terms of agglomeration economies. In the pre-industrial period, the trading metropolis coordinates long range trade. The industrial revolutions generate new needs for coordination of production and give rise to the manufacturing metropolis. Finally, the information revolution and the emergence of the post-industrial economy create the global metropolis.

Résumé

Résumé

La métropolisation est apparue longtemps avant la fin du 20e siècle. La première fonction d'une métropole est la coordination des activités économiques à l'échelle mondiale. Cette fonction coordinatrice a toujours existé. Elle s'est manifestée différemment selon les périodes, en fonction du progrès technologique et de l'organisation économique et a engendré différentes formes métropolitaines. Les continuités et ruptures qui en découlent peuvent se comprendre en termes d'économies d'agglomération. La période pré-industrielle est celle des métropoles d'échange, qui coordonnent le commerce de longue distance. Les révolutions industrielles suscitent de nouveaux besoins de coordination de la production et engendrent la métropole manufacturière. Enfin, la révolution informationnelle, combinée à de nouveaux changements dans l'organisation des firmes, fait naître la métropole globale.

Keywords

Services supérieursmétropoleshistoire urbaineN70R10R30High-order servicesmetropolisesurban historyN70R10R30
Type
Research Article
Information
Recherches Économiques de Louvain/ Louvain Economic Review , Volume 71 , Issue 3 , 2005 , pp. 257 - 284
Copyright
Copyright © Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de recherches économiques et sociales 2005 

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Footnotes

*

We wish to thank P.M. Hohenberg for a fruitful discussion and the anonymous referees for their helpful comments

**

Université de Bourgogne, Pôle d'Economie et de Gestion, B.P. 26611, 21066 Dijon Cedex France

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