1 Letter to Axson, Ellen, 12 18, 1884, in Baker, Ray Stannard, Woodrow Wilson: Life and Letters (Garden City, N. Y., 1927–1937), I, 199. Even so favorable a biographer as Baker admitted that Wilson in personal relations always maintained a reserve—“the barrier never breaks quite down. One never quite gets to him.” American Chronicle: The Autobiography of Ray Stannard Baker (New York, 1945), p. 496.
2 Corwin, Edward S., “Departmental Colleague,” in Myers, William Starr, Woodrow Wilson: Some Princeton Memories (Princeton, 1946), p. 35.
3 Lewis, McMillan, Woodrow Wilson of Princeton (Narberth, Pa., 1952), 4–5.
4 Myers, William Starr, “Wilson in My Diary,” in Woodrow Wilson: Some Princeton Memories, p. 38.
5 (Princeton, 1947), chs. 2–3, especially pp. 90–99.
6 Seymour, Charles, Geography, Justice, and Politics at the Paris Conference of 1919 (New York, 1951), p. 12.
7 Wilson, to Kerney, James, in The Political Education of Woodrow Wilson (New York, 1926), p. 469.
8 Lodge, Henry Cabot, The Senate and the League of Nations (New York, 1925), p. 214.
9 Perkins, Dexter, The Evolution of American Foreign Policy (New York, 1948), p. 110.
10 Hoover, Irwin Hood (Ike), Forty-Two Years in the White House (Boston, 1934), p. 101.
11 See Seymour, Charles, “Versailles in Perspective,” Virginia Quarterly Review, XIX (1943), 481–497; Geography, Justice, and Politics at the Paris Conference of 1919; “Woodrow Wilson in Perspective,” Foreign Affairs, vol. 34 (1955–1956), 175–186.
12 A special case, of course, was that of Ireland.
13 “It is moral force that is irresistible,” Wilson said in a speech of December 29, 1918. “It is moral force as much as physical that has defeated the effort to subdue the world.” Cited in Brand, Katherine E., “Woodrow Wilson, in His Own Time,” Library of Congress Quarterly Journal, XIII (1955–1956), 71.
14 See especially Mantoux, Paul, Les Délibérations du Conseil des Quatre (24 mars-28 juin 1919) (2 vols., Paris, 1955).
15 American Chronicle, p. 411.
16 “Mr. Wilson's blanket condemnation of the Balance of Power rested upon his assumption that the wars of the past had resulted from the application of this principle and that the peace of the future must be protected from it. He and his adherents made no attempt to analyze the significance of what is, after all, an eternal principle of social organization. We were hypnotized by a phrase.” Seymour, Charles, “Versailles in Perspective,” p. 488.
17 Buehrig, E. H., Woodrow Wilson and the Balance of Power (Bloomington, Ind., 1955).